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Polygenic risk scores can help identify individuals at higher risk of type 2 diabetes. Here, the authors characterise a multi-ancestry score across nearly 900,000 people, showing that its predictive value depends on demographic and clinical context and extends to related traits and complications.

Trained and validated on multimodal data from 14.5 million images from multicountry datasets, a foundation model is shown to increase diagnostic and referral accuracy of clinicians when used as an assistant in a trial involving 16 ophthalmologists and 668 patients.

The hydroheteroarylation of internal alkynes with indolizines via Pd and Rh catalysis is reported. This catalyst-controlled three-dimensional divergent protocol produces eight types of diaryl allyl skeleton (through combinations of E/Z and R/S stereochemistry and 1,1-/1,3-substitution patterns).

Single-cell transcriptomic profiling of immune cells in the blood and liver of a human decedent receiving a pig liver xenograft reveals impaired adaptive immunity and monocyte features that may induce T cell exhaustion and contribute to platelet activation.

Sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI) leads to significant morbidity and mortality, but early diagnosis remains challenging. Here the authors use single urinary extracellular vesicle proteomics to identify complement receptor CD35 as a biomarker for sepsis-associated acute kidney injury.

Geometric quantum gates—engineered evolution paths for qubit control—promise noise resilience but have shown limited fidelity in prior implementations in semiconductor quantum computation. Here the authors demonstrate high-fidelity single-qubit gates in a single-hole quantum dot in Ge, outperforming conventional dynamical gates.

This work demonstrates super colossal barocaloric effect in one of the “simplest” materials—H₂O, with a reversible entropy change as much as 728 J·kg^-1·K^-1 under a small pressure 0.1 GPa by adding a little amount of GdCl₃. Neutron combined with molecular dynamics simulations revealed the mechanism and inferred that H-bond engineering can be an attractive approach for designing novel caloric materials.

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a heritable psychiatric disorder whose biological basis remains poorly understood. This large-scale postmortem brain study identified extensive gene expression changes associated with genetic risk, highlighting disrupted glutamatergic signaling and synaptic vesicle function in MDD.

Glioma stem-like cells (GSCs) contribute to therapeutic resistance via enhanced capability of DNA damage repair. Here the authors identify that the upregulated transcription factor AATF in GSCs modulates the stability and release of XRCC4 protein to promote DNA repair and resistance to radiotherapy.

The effect of zingerone on postmenopausal osteoporosis, as modelled in mouse, was assessed The authors combine single-cell transcriptomics and bulk metabolomics to investigate cardiac myxoma. They identify Subtype 1 marked by MAPK/WNT/EGFR pathway activation and Subtype 2, characterized by ribosomal and oxidative phosphorylation signatures

We unveil that coupling two non-Hermitian systems with independent skin modes can induce tunable exceptional points, serving as a versatile system to reveal their interplay.

Fabricating semiconductor devices with dimensions below 10 nm presents significant challenges. Here, Liu et al. use controlled electron irradiation to remove atoms in an MoS₂ sheet, creating Mo₅S₄nanoribbons with a uniform width of 0.35 nm and a theoretical band gap of 0.77 eV.

Metadevices that are based on quasi-one-dimensional surface plasmon polariton structures can offer optical and radiofrequency transparency, and can be used to create a wireless communication scheme for image transfer.

Proteome profiling of plasma samples in human pan-cancer cohorts reveals patterns of biomarkers for diagnosis.

The authors provide a comprehensive, single base resolution view of association between genetic variation and DNA methylation in human brain. They also show that heritability attributed to schizophrenia GWAS-associated variants reflects the epigenetic plasticity of the brain.

Analysis of medulloblastomas in humans and mice shows that the functional consequences of ZIC1 mutations are exquisitely dependent on the cells of origin that give rise to different subgroups of medulloblastoma.

Synthesizing complex structures of high enantiomeric excess from racemic feedstock is an enduring challenge. Here, the authors couple racemic secondary alcohols with pyrroles to form enantioenriched 2-substituted heteroarenes, via a borrowing hydrogen mechanism using the combination of an iridium catalyst and chiral phosphoric acid.

This study highlights the role Polar regions as a limiting factor in global sustainability due to teleconnection effects, and then propose a SDG target, key indicators, and emphasize Indigenous inclusion and global action.

The direct electro-reduction of diluted CO₂ in acidic media can circumvent CO₂ purification and reduce carbon loss. Here, the authors use an ionomer coating layer to enrich the diluted CO₂ and block proton transport, thereby achieving high carbon utilization in diluted CO₂ in an acidic electrolyte.

Here, the authors perform large trans-ancestry fine-mapping analyses identifying large numbers of association signals and putative target genes for colorectal cancer risk, advancing our understanding of the genetic and biological basis of this cancer.

Moderate disorder can induce topologically nontrivial phases. Liu et al. report the experimental observations of the competition and interplay between Thouless pumping and disorder on a 41-qubit superconducting quantum processor.

Multi-ancestry fine-mapping of breast cancer susceptibility regions identifies candidate causal variants and prioritizes likely effector genes supported by functional genomic evidence.

Quantum simulations of topological matter with superconducting qubits have been attracting attention recently. Xiang et al. realize 2D and bilayer Chern insulators with synthetic dimensions on a programmable 30-qubit-ladder superconducting processor, showing bulk-boundary correspondence.

The authors provide experimental evidence for giant polarization in wurtzite III-nitrides, establishing a unified framework for understanding and engineering polarization in these materials and their functional device architectures.

Most polygenic risk score (PRS) methods focus only on individuals with distinct primary continental ancestry, without accommodating recently-admixed individuals. Here, the authors develop a novel penalized regression-based PRS method specifically designed for admixed individuals.

Renal cell carcinoma consists of several subtypes, and recurrence is highly dependent on subtype. Here, the authors develop a multi-classifier using imaging, lncRNA and clinical data to predict recurrence in papillary renal cell carcinoma.

A study finds that RUVBL2 is a conserved component of eukaryotic circadian clocks and suggests that slow ATPase activity, which was initially discovered in cyanobacteria, is a shared feature of eukaryotic clocks.

Here, the authors integrate genomic and transcriptomic data obtained from African-ancestry female participants and identify six genes associated with breast cancer risk which provides biological insights into this common cancer in an underrepresented population.

The One Thousand Plant Transcriptomes Initiative provides a robust phylogenomic framework for examining green plant evolution that comprises the transcriptomes and genomes of diverse species of green plants.

An essential gene may become non-essential when another gene is mutated. Here, the authors investigate this type of digenic interaction, termed ‘bypass of essentiality’, in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, and show that bypassable essential genes are common and share certain features.

This works explores the interplay between nonlinearity and non-Hermitian skin effect in reshaping topological modes at the interface between Hermitian and non-Hermitian lattices. It is shown that this interplay yields fully delocalized and reconfigurable topological modes without fine parameter tuning, while facilitating stable long-range patterns through external pumping.

We show that gain-of-function cancer mutations in the KBTBD4 E3 ligase promote neodegradation of substrates via a shape-complementarity-based mechanism, which converges with the mechanism of action of the UM171 molecular glue degrader and can be blocked by HDAC1/2 inhibitors.

Analyses of whole-genome sequencing data in children and validation in mouse models show that offspring born from blastocyst-stage embryo transfer have shorter leukocyte telomere lengths.

A study identifies two genes that act as brakes controlling the sugar content of tomatoes and demonstrates their manipulation to generate sweeter tomatoes without affecting the fruit size and yield.

Inhibition of immunocyte infiltration and activation has been suggested to ameliorate hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Here, the authors show PirB/LILRB2 regulates the migration of macrophages during NASH by binding with ANGPTL8, which is involved in the regulation of NASH development.

Offshore charging stations could be a promising solution to enhance green shipping. This research considers their optimal placement and sizing, extending the economic range of renewable ships to 9,000 km without compromising shipping efficiency.

How ROS levels are regulated in cancer stem cells and their contribution to cancer resistance is currently not clear. Here, the authors show that prohibitin regulates mitochondrial ROS production stabilizing the peroxidase PRDX3 and this accounts for radiotherapy resistance in glioma stem-like cells.

Amorphous phases of self-assembling molecules employed as a hole-transporting layer in inverted perovskite solar cells contribute to homogeneous perovskite film growth, resulting in a power conversion efficiency of 25.20% (certified 24.35%) for one-square-centimetre area cells.

The treatment of hypertrophic scar (HS) is hindered by the low bioavailability of drugs and the pathological microenvironment. Here the authors report a separating microneedle drug delivery system responsive to high reactive oxygen species levels and overexpression of matrix metalloproteinases to remodel the pathological microenvironment for HS treatment.

Flexible thermogalvanic device provides a sustainable platform for body heat harvesting, but its performance is limited by low energy conversion efficiency and poor mechanical strength. The authors report a flexible thermogalvanic armor with a Carnot-relative efficiency of 8.53% and strong mechanical toughness.

Optimizing study design is critical for increasing standardized effect sizes and replicability, and the features that increase replicability in cross-sectional and longitudinal brain-wide association studies are explored.

The fabrication of n- and p-type semiconducting channels based on the same layered material would simplify the implementation of 2D electronics. Here, the authors report a spatially selective doping method for the synthesis of wafer-scale p- and n-type 2H-MoTe₂ thin films, and their application for the realization of complementary 2D transistor and inverter arrays.

The study finds that low-cost solid fuels currently meet a large share of household energy needs, promoting equity in energy consumption, suggesting that clean transition could significantly increase energy burden inequity across income groups.

Zhou, Jiang, Dai et al report that upon ultraviolet-C radiation, full-length GSDME can induce pyroptosis without cleavage, likely due to conformational change and oxidative oligomerization after increased PARylation and mitochondrial lipid ROS levels.

Transport measurements between a normal conductor and superconductor show that in this case, the Coulomb drag response can be much larger than that between two normal conductors.

Genome-wide association analyses identify risk loci for breast cancer in women of African ancestry. Polygenic risk scores derived from these data improve ancestry-specific risk prediction.