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Moving beyond the widely studied (111)-oriented Hf_0.5Zr_0.5O₂ films, the authors demonstrate purely uniaxial in-plane ferroelectricity in orthorhombic (100)-oriented Hf_0.5Zr_0.5O₂ films, sustained even at a thickness of 1 nm.

Cleavage by pathogen-derived proteases of an engineered chimeric protein activates its plant immune receptor component, enabling broad-spectrum resistance to pathogens in plants.

Wu, Zhao, Wang, Zhang, Hang et al. describe a mouse model of CNGA1-retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and the effect of AAV-mediated gene augmentation. The model replicates key features of human patients, and it demonstrates that AAV-mediated gene augmentation restores vision and preserves photoreceptors.

Sun et al show that low leucine levels in the blood enhance the pathogenicity of neonatal meningitis-causing Escherichia coli, offering insights into host-pathogen interactions that could inform future therapeutic strategies.

Analyses of pretransplant omics data from different cohorts of African American recipients found that genetic polymorphisms at the LILRB3 gene are associated with kidney graft loss.

Pancreatic islet β cells produce insulin, so their protein quality control mechanisms are critical for human health. Here, the authors show that loss of OSGEP, an enzyme known to add the t6A modification on tRNA, disrupts proinsulin translation and causes ER stress in β cells.

Coptis chinensis represents an early-diverging eudicot lineage with diverse medicinal applications. Here, the authors report its chromosome-scale genome assembly, infer a single ancient whole-genome duplication, and characterize the function of CYP719 in diversification of protoberberine-type alkaloids.

LKB1 is frequently mutated in lung squamous cell carcinomas. Here, the authors show that sole LKB1 depletion is sufficient to drive the development of this cancer, where downstream defective MKK7-JNK1/2 signalling activates the ∆Np63/p63 pathway to induce subsequent epithelial cells transformation and tumour progression.

The multistep processes involved in the evolution of inflammation to invasive esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is unclear. Here, the authors report a mouse model of ESCC and the role of interplay between carcinogen-transformed epithelial cells and their microenvironment in ESCC development.

CellResDB is a patient-derived single-cell database of therapy resistance, featuring 4.7 million cells across 24 cancers. It includes clinical annotations and an AI-powered robot for interactive analysis.

Lu et al. evaluate the potential impact of serum vitamin B12 levels on major psychiatric disorders and cognitive impairment. Findings suggest that higher overall serum vitamin B12 levels are unlikely to offer meaningful protection against these outcomes in the general population.

Apelin expression is robust in embryonic but not in adult endothelial cells (ECs), where it can be reactivated by hypoxia. Liu et al. show that apelin-driven expression of Cre recombinase in mice can be used for labelling of, or gene ablation in, sprouting but not quiescent ECs in pathologies characterized by hypoxia.

The role of polyploidization generated genomic diversity in shaping the hierarchical genome architecture remains unclear. Here, the authors show that repatterning of the ancestral eudicot genome has resulted in multi-dimensional genome plasticity and secondary metabolite diversification via comparisons of Panax genomes.

Hydroxylation at the C-14 position of triptolide is critical for its potent antitumor activity. Here, the authors report two CYP82Ds catalyze the 14-hydroxylation reaction via metabolic grid and achieve heterologous bioproduction of triptolide precursor in engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Type 2 diabetes often presents with reproductive disorders, including reduced male and female fertility. Here they show that diabetes disrupts the APLN signaling axis in the testes and that spermatogenesis can be restored through treatment with an APLN antagonist.

Advances in long-read sequencing are driving the implementation of these technologies for transcriptome profiling. The authors provide a comprehensive guide to long-read RNA sequencing, including experimental and computational tools, current applications, challenges and opportunities.

Tripterygium wilfordii is a medical plant that can produce antitumor activity compound triptolide. Here, the authors assemble its genome and identify a cytochrome P450 that can catalyze oxidation of a methyl to the acid moiety of dehydroabietic acid in triptolide biosynthesis by integrating multi-omics data.

Using healthy mitochondria to restore impaired mitochondrial homeostasis is a promising therapy for pulmonary fibrosis. Here the authors use joint-engineered mesenchymal stem cells for efficient mitochondrial delivery to injured lung cells, showing a successful mitigation of the disease.

Pulmonary function is influenced by environmental factors, lifestyle, and genetics. Here, in a multiethnic GWAS meta-analysis for pulmonary function traits, the authors identify over 50 additional genetic loci, a subset of which are specific for European, African, Asian, or Hispanic/Latino ancestry.

This Registered Report presents the results of the Long-read RNA-Seq Genome Annotation Assessment Project, which is a community effort for benchmarking long-read methods for transcriptome analyses, including transcript isoform detection, quantification and de novo transcript detection.

SQANTI3 offers a flexible tool for quality control, curation and annotation of long-read RNA sequencing data.

Xu, Liu, Pen, Zhang et al. demonstrate that the SEL1L–HRD1 complex, which is part of the ERAD protein quality control machinery, safeguards haematopoietic stem cell identity and niche location by ensuring the haematopoietic stem cell surface expression of MPL.

This overview of the ENCODE project outlines the data accumulated so far, revealing that 80% of the human genome now has at least one biochemical function assigned to it; the newly identified functional elements should aid the interpretation of results of genome-wide association studies, as many correspond to sites of association with human disease.

Long-read sequencing technologies have revolutionized genomics and transcriptomics, and more recently enabled comprehensive epigenomic profiling. These advances now also allow investigation of the relationship between chromatin states and transcriptional dynamics.

The SMRT transcriptional co-repressor is shown to have a crucial role in forebrain development and in maintaining neural stem cells, and it represses expression of a histone H3 trimethyl K27 demethylase, which can activate components of the neurogenic programme.