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Analysis of samples from the asteroid Ryugu provide evidence of late fluid flow in a carbonaceous asteroid, indicating that such bodies may have retained two to three times more water than previously thought.

A single-cell multiomic immune cell atlas from 235 Japanese, including patients with COVID-19 and healthy individuals, linked with host genetics including germline and somatic mutation, plasma proteomics and metagenomics data reveals that immune cells are dynamically regulated in a cell state-dependent manner.

Analysis of the blood DNA virome in patients with COVID-19 and autoimmune disease associates endogenous HHV-6 (eHHV-6) and high anellovirus load with increased disease risk, most notably for systemic lupus erythematosus. eHHV-6 carriers show a distinct immune response.

The XRISM Resolve spectrum of the galactic neutron star X-ray binary, GX 13+1, reveals one of the densest winds ever seen in absorption lines.

Watanabe et al. show that cytopathic hypoxia, through upregulation of COX2 and secretory PLA2, stabilizes HIF-1α, contributing to impaired mitochondrial respiration and reduced cardiac contraction in septic cardiomyopathy.

To study the dynamics of materials and biological samples at ultrafast time scales it is beneficial to use two short laser pulses, ideally at different energies. Here, the authors demonstrate the generation of two femtosecond hard X-ray laser pulses in a free electron laser, with more than 30% energy separation.

Airway-on-chip and alveolus-on-chip models using induced-pluripotent-stem-cell-derived lung progenitor cells show innate immune responses to common viruses.

Spatial selectivity of photoactuation in soft material has been limited in two dimension and three-dimensionally selective actuation is an effective approach to control the direction and types of macroscopic motions. Here, the authors report the photoinduced deformation of liquid-crystalline polymer films with high spatial selectivity via a two-photon absorption process.

Assessments of future water availability in South America are uncertain based on multiple coupled general circulation models. Shiogamaet al.identify global-scale metrics for measuring the reliability of water resource assessments, and indicate a higher probability of drying in the Amazon basin.

Manganese oxides are extensively investigated as analogues of nature's oxygen-evolving complex, but they rarely function at neutral pH. Here, the authors investigate the induction and regulation of the proton-coupled electron-transfer mechanism involved in water oxidation by manganese oxides.

Sodium carbonates, chloride and sulfate have been found in samples from asteroid Ryugu. The formation of these compounds from alkaline brines through freezing or evaporation accounts for the loss of liquid water from the parent carbonaceous body.

A genome-wide association study highlights a variant in DOCK2, which is common in East Asian populations but rare in Europeans, as a host genetic risk factor for severe COVID-19.

Strong lasing effects similar to those in the optical regime can occur at 1.5–2.1 Å wavelengths during high-intensity XFEL-driven Kα₁ lasing of copper and manganese.

Juvenile hormone (JH) is a key regulator of development both in insects and the crustacea Daphnia pulex and D. magna. Here, Miyakawa et al.investigate the evolutionary significance of a single amino-acid variation between crustacea and insects in the JH receptor gene, Methoprene-tolerant.

Authors present results from a national surveillance in Japan that found MRSA strains causing bloodstream infections are predominantly from three clonal lineages. They also identified the emergence of highest 30-day-mortality MRSA clone ST764-SCCmecII and traced its evolutionary path.

Examples of π single bonds in diradicals are rare, as they are typically unstable. Here, the authors describe a room temperature-stable closed-shell bicyclic tetrasilane that features a Si-Si π single bond between two of the non-adjacent Si centers.

In this phase 1 trial, treatment of patients with ER⁺HER2⁻ metastatic breast cancer with a selective catalytic inhibitor of the lysine acetyltransferase KAT6 shows a manageable safety profile and encouraging preliminary clinical efficacy.

Iron nitride (Fe₄N) is detected on magnetite particles within the Ryugu sample returned by Hayabusa2. It is probably the product of impacts of nitrogen-rich dust from the outer Solar System on the surface of Ryugu, indicative of a flux of N-rich dust in the inner Solar System.

Venus is covered by thick clouds that move with the prevailing winds. Images from JAXA’s Akatsuki orbiter taken in July 2016 reveal more variability deep in the cloud layer than expected, including a feature consistent with an equatorial jet.

Genetic mechanisms influencing COVID-19 susceptibility are not well understood. Here, the authors analyzed whole blood RNA-seq data of 465 Japanese individuals with COVID-19, highlighting thousands of fine-mapped variants affecting expression and splicing of genes, as well as the presence of COVID-19 severity-interaction eQTLs.

A genome-wide association meta-analysis study of blood lipid levels in roughly 1.6 million individuals demonstrates the gain of power attained when diverse ancestries are included to improve fine-mapping and polygenic score generation, with gains in locus discovery related to sample size.

Kalluri and colleagues use mammary carcinoma models to study the causes of metastatic organotropism and find an organ-specific role for angiopoietin 2 in driving lung metastasis through the suppression of the tight junction protein Claudin 5.

Ikeda et al. report that HLA-DRB1 can serve as a leukemia-specific target for CAR T or natural killer cell-based therapy in patients with AML after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Hoshino et al., engineer a human virus receptor, hACE2, and demonstrate its potential for overcoming SARS-CoV-2 mutations that otherwise hinder therapeutic interventions. Overall, the data provide insights in to the therapeutic potential of engineered receptors.

Previous work exploring the robustness of topological surface states to perturbations has mostly focused on surfaces with the same atomic structure as the bulk. Here the authors demonstrate the effect of surface reconstruction on the topological surfaces on the (100) surface of SmB6.

A genome-wide association study meta-analysis combined with multiomics data of osteoarthritis identifies 700 effector genes as well as biological processes with a convergent involvement of multiple effector genes; 10% of these genes express the target of approved drugs.

The herpes simplex virus 1 uracil-DNA glycosylase counters host APOBEC1 to evade genome editing and to enable viral replication that promotes encephalitis in mice.

Mechanical motions of molecular crystals have been limited to in-place movement or slow crawling. Here, the authors describe chiral azobenzene crystals that walk or roll quickly forward in response to heating or cooling, offering new modes of material locomotion.

Exploring the hyperfine-coupled quantum Hall (QH) system facilitates the nuclear spintronic applications. Here the authors reveal the origin of the nonequilibrium QH phenomena by mapping the spatial distribution of nuclear and electron spin polarization in a GaAs quantum well with scanning probe incorporated nuclear resonance technique.

Using photonic crystal cavities with a buried heterostructure design, scientists demonstrate all-optical RAM at power levels 300 times lower than previous attempts. The 30 nW devices could enable low-power large-scale optical RAM systems for handling high-bit-rate optical signals.

The aquaglyceroporin channels AQP3, AQP7, and GlpF permeate water and glycerol, but the structural diversity remains unclear. Here, authors present the AQP3-specific conformation in which a selective filter residue tyrosine is inserted into the pore.

Understanding the genomic features of dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) is likely to uncover new options for management. Here, the authors reveal three prognostic groups, and highlight molecular markers associated with malignant transformation.

Chd8 knock-in mice modeling human CHD8 duplication exhibit growth retardation, microcephaly, and hyperactive behavior. Here authors show CHD8 overexpression causes abnormal binding to enhancers, leading to disrupted regulation of genes involved in brain development.

Observations of a luminous quasar from the high-resolution spectrometer Resolve aboard XRISM revealed highly inhomogeneous wind structure outflowing from a supermassive black hole, which probably consists of up to a million clumps.

Titanium has a strong affinity to oxygen, resulting in an increase in the manufacturing cost and complexity of the processes. Here the authors introduce a high-throughput technique using yttrium that can reduce the oxygen content in molten titanium to the level suitable for structural applications.

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 73 Japanese patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and 75 healthy controls were analyzed using single-cell transcriptomics. Combining these data with genotyping data highlights the interplay between host genetics and the immune response in modulating disease severity.

Kuwahara et al. examine the association of health-related lifestyle trajectories with prediabetes risk in 10,773 workers, aged 30-64, in Japan. The results indicate that maintaining or improving healthy lifestyles is linked to a lower risk of developing prediabetes.