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A study of several longitudinal birth cohorts and cross-sectional cohorts finds only moderate overlap in genetic variants between autism that is diagnosed earlier and that diagnosed later, so they may represent aetiologically different conditions.

By integrating single-cell transcriptomics and T cell receptor repertoire analyses of regulatory T (T_reg) cells in a cohort of patients with acute coronary syndrome from the LILACS trial, Case et al. show that low-dose interleukin-2 clonally expands T_reg cells and maintains their suppressive program by bypassing BACH2 downregulation.

The calorimetric determination of enthalpies of mixing in multi-component molten salt systems often relies on empirical models that lack physically interpretable parameters. Here, the authors use the molecular interaction volume model (MIVM) to integrate experimentally measured enthalpies and solvation structures from ab initio molecular dynamics simulations to extrapolate excess Gibbs energy and determine the compositional dependence of La³⁺ activity in the LaCl₃-(LiCl-KCl) system.

In this Stage 2 Registered Report, Buchanan et al. show evidence confirming the phenomenon of semantic priming across speakers of 19 diverse languages.

Understanding how cells discriminate between stimuli is an ongoing challenge. Here, the authors propose a mathematical framework for inferring the mutual information encoded in temporal signaling dynamics and use it to study how information is transmitted over time in response to different stimuli in NFκB, MAPK and p53 signaling pathways.

The quark structure of the f₀(980) hadron is still unknown after 50 years of its discovery. Here, the CMS Collaboration reports a measurement of the elliptic flow of the f₀(980) state in proton-lead collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 8.16 TeV, providing strong evidence that the state is an ordinary meson.

Despite observed routinely from spacecrafts landing on, e.g., lunar soil, the origin of radial streak patterns has been unclear up to now. Here, the authors report an experimental study of such instabilities in the coupled dynamics of rocket plumes and sand surfaces.

The gold standard for diagnosis and monitoring of myocardial infarction is a chemiluminescence assay based on the detection of cardian troponin I (cTnI). Here, the authors develop a plasmonic gold nano-island chip assay for ultrasensitive detection of cTnI in as little as 10 μL of serum.

Mammalian oocytes divide asymmetrically during meiotic maturation. Here, the authors show that spindle movement away from oocyte center depends on actin filaments nucleated from the spindle periphery pushing against surrounding mitochondria, which polarizes spontaneously to produce directional spindle motion.

The neural circuits that transmit cool signals remain not fully understood. Here, authors identify a spinal circuit in mice that transmits cool sensations from the skin to the brain, revealing a dedicated neural pathway for detecting innocuous cool temperatures.

3D x-ray diffraction (3DXRD) is a powerful technique for studying the mechanical behavior of polycrystalline materials. Historically limited to synchrotrons, here, we present the first demonstration of 3DXRD at the laboratory scale (Lab-3DXRD).

Standard approaches for identifying pleiotropic genetic variants may lead to spurious results. Here the authors present a new statistical method and show that it uncovers five genes linked to metabolites in METSIM participants, which were previously undetected by existing methods.

In this Consensus Statement, a consortium of microbiome scientists discuss current sequencing data sharing policies and propose the use of a Data Reuse Information (DRI) tag to promote equitable and collaborative data sharing.

Study shows PTSD predisposition shares distinct genes and genomic regions with several cardiovascular conditions. Here the findings reveal neuronal, immune, and metabolic pathways, and repurposed drug targets that further the understanding of the comorbidity.

Collective behavior plays an important role in predator evasion, but its neurogenetic basis is poorly understood. Here, Sato and Takahashi show that genetic diversity within groups of fruit flies enhances collective antipredator performance.

An analysis of the Drosophila connectome yields all cell types intrinsic to the optic lobe, and their rules of connectivity.

Differences in information transmission in the brain network between humans and other species are not well understood. Here, the authors apply an information theory approach to structural connectomes and functional MRI and report that human brain networks display more evidence of parallel information transmission compared to macaques and mice.

The neural mechanisms underlying the feeling of being in control of one’s own actions are not well understood. Here, the authors show that neural oscillations underlie the feeling of control by modulating functional connectivity in sensorimotor networks.

Love and colleagues find an inhibitory function for CD3ζ ITAMs in response to low-affinity ligands, meaning that CD3ζ can perform a dual function in TCR signaling by playing a positive or negative role depending on the affinity of the TCR for its peptide ligand.

Chest computed tomography (CT) is one of the most common diagnostic tests. Here, the authors combine two AI models to measure from CT coronary artery calcium, left ventricular mass index, and left and right atrial and ventricular volumes, and show their association with cardiovascular mortality.

A proper theoretical description for unconventional superconductivity in iron-based compounds remains elusive. Here, the authors, to capture the electron correlation strength and the role of Fermi surfaces, report ARPES measurements of three iron chalcogenide superconductors to establish universal features.

The LHCb experiment at CERN has observed significant asymmetries between the decay rates of the beauty baryon and its CP-conjugated antibaryon, thus demonstrating CP violation in baryon decays.

Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy is possibly the most widely used technique to probe the electronic structure of crystals. Unfortunately the technique is usually too sensitive to surface properties. It is now demonstrated that by using hard X-rays as the incident radiation it is possible to probe the electronic structure in the bulk.

In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), evolution is driven by transcriptional and epigenetic heterogeneity. Here, the authors integrate epigenomic analyses to show how intra-tumoral epigenetic diversity results in divergent chromatin states in CLL cells, increasing cell-to-cell transcriptional heterogeneity.

Photonic-chip-based microcomb solitons driven by Pockels nonlinearity—the quadratic χ⁽²⁾ effect—instead of the Kerr soliton are demonstrated in an aluminium nitride microring resonator with a conversion efficiency of 17%.

Preeclampsia poses significant risks in pregnancy, and accurately predicting delivery timing is crucial for optimal care. Here, the authors show that deep-learning models, using limited electronic health record features, can effectively predict the time from preeclampsia diagnosis to delivery, potentially offering a tool for better resource allocation.

The authors present SVclone, a computational method for inferring the cancer cell fraction of structural variants from whole-genome sequencing data.

Without relying on any infrastructure-based vehicle detectors, the authors present a scalable traffic signal re-timing system that uses a small percentage of connected vehicle trajectories as the only input. Real-world tests demonstrate that the system decreases both delays and number of stops.

Correlated errors coming from leakage out of the computational subspace are an obstacle to fault-tolerant superconducting circuits. Here, the authors use a multi-level reset protocol to improve the performances of a bit-flip error correcting code by reducing the magnitude of correlations.

The formation of magnetic vortices such as skyrmions is hampered by the stochastic nature of thermal fluctuations. Here, the authors demonstrate that ultrafast dynamics in the initial stages of vortex formation can dominate the stochastic behaviour observed in the steady state.

Identification of cell subpopulations using transcript abundance is noisy. Here, the authors developed a linear modeling framework, SSrGE, which utilizes effective and expressed nucleotide variations from single-cell RNA-seq to identify tumor subpopulations.

Analysis of cancer genome sequencing data has enabled the discovery of driver mutations. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium the authors present DriverPower, a software package that identifies coding and non-coding driver mutations within cancer whole genomes via consideration of mutational burden and functional impact evidence.

Astroblastoma (AB) is an uncommon brain tumour and its origin remains unknown. Here, the authors perform integrative molecular analysis of 35 AB-like tumours and provide evidence that these arise in the context of epigenetic and genetic changes in neural progenitors occurring during brain development.

With the generation of large pan-cancer whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing projects, a question remains about how comparable these datasets are. Here, using The Cancer Genome Atlas samples analysed as part of the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes project, the authors explore the concordance of mutations called by whole exome sequencing and whole genome sequencing techniques.

Integrative analyses of transcriptome and whole-genome sequencing data for 1,188 tumours across 27 types of cancer are used to provide a comprehensive catalogue of RNA-level alterations in cancer.

The characterization of 4,645 whole-genome and 19,184 exome sequences, covering most types of cancer, identifies 81 single-base substitution, doublet-base substitution and small-insertion-and-deletion mutational signatures, providing a systematic overview of the mutational processes that contribute to cancer development.

Vortex states in magnetic nanoislands are characterized by a curling of the magnetization in the plane of the disk. This study demonstrates experimentally that vortices tend to form with a preferred handedness that is dictated by the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction.

Whole-genome sequencing data for 2,778 cancer samples from 2,658 unique donors across 38 cancer types is used to reconstruct the evolutionary history of cancer, revealing that driver mutations can precede diagnosis by several years to decades.

A finger-based brain–computer interface was developed for a person with tetraplegia to allow him to fly a virtual quadcopter, an innovation that can lead to improved social connectedness, recreation and a sense of enablement.

A hybrid analogue–digital quantum simulator is used to demonstrate beyond-classical performance in benchmarking experiments and to study thermalization phenomena in an XY quantum magnet, including the breakdown of Kibble–Zurek scaling predictions and signatures of the Kosterlitz–Thouless phase transition.

A trans-ancestry meta-analysis of GWAS of glycemic traits in up to 281,416 individuals identifies 99 novel loci, of which one quarter was found due to the multi-ancestry approach, which also improves fine-mapping of credible variant sets.

Accurate data collection remains challenging in fragile contexts, which are prone to food insecurity. Remote sensing, survey data and deep learning can generate poultry–fish sector production estimates and contribute towards long-term food security monitoring.

Analyses of 2,658 whole genomes across 38 types of cancer identify the contribution of non-coding point mutations and structural variants to driving cancer.

We find that 2D–3D perovskitoid passivation applied to perovskite solar cells impedes cation migration and decreases carrier recombination at the interface, providing enhanced operating stability at elevated temperatures and increased power conversion efficiencies.

Using multi-ancestry genome-wide association study and fine-mapping, 298 loci and 36 credible genes are identified in the aetiology of bipolar disorder.