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Hi-C analysis identifies Xist-separated megadomains (X-megadomains) on the inactive X chromosome in mouse early embryos. Cohesin loading at Xist regulatory elements promotes X-megadomain formation and restricts nearby gene activity.

Potassium tert-butoxide is used in a precious-metal-free alkyl transfer strategy for synthesizing azaarenes and polyazaarenes from alkenes and nitriles via carbon–carbon bond cleavage. This method produces aryl methanes as the sole by-product and allows divergent synthesis of functionalized azaarenes, some of which exhibit visible-light photocatalytic reactivity.

The authors propose a design strategy of multiscale engineering to boost the polar entropy of BaTiO3-based system, by which the large and flexible polarization change can be offered synchronously, availing superior electrocaloric performance.

The authors study nickelate superconductor Nd0.8Sr0.2NiO2 by angle-dependent transport. They find that the superconducting phase stiffness is anisotropic, and that electrical conductivity peaks along the direction with maximized phase stiffness.

Molecular-dynamics-simulation-guided evolution of flavoenzymes produces efficient catalysts for non-C₂-symmetric biaryl synthesis with excellent atroposelectivity, offering promise for natural product synthesis and pharmaceutical applications.

Achieving a balance between molecular packing density, charge transport efficiency, and defect passivation remains a challenge for perovskite solar cells. Here, authors synthesize self-assembled molecules with flexible head groups and rigid linkers, achieving maximum device efficiency of over 26%.

Pumpkin rootstock delivers CmoKARI1 mRNA to cucumber scion under chilling stress, enhancing tolerance by activating JA-Ile signaling. This mobile mRNA acts as a key chilling-responsive signal, redefining the understanding of rootstock–scion communication.

A sustainable two-step strategy for oxime synthesis in a neutral KHCO₃ medium is reported. Free-state NH₂OH is initially synthesized via nitrite electroreduction over a Ketjen-black-supported iron phthalocyanine catalyst, followed by a chemical aldehyde or ketone oximation using the electrochemically synthesized NH₂OH.

While Bell inequalities have been violated several times—mostly in photonic systems—their violations within particle physics experiments are less explored. Here, the BESIII Collaboration showcases Bell-violating nonlocal correlations between entangled hyperon pairs.

In the pre-synapse, vesicle fusion is a key process for neurotransmitter release in the nervous system. Here authors demonstrate under pathological condition, synaptotagmin1 with Zn²⁺ adopts an alternative mode to regulate spontaneous neurotransmitter release.

It has long been believed that topological phases are solely determined by their lattice structures. Here, the authors report the observation of cavity-tunable topological phases of polaritons by modifying the surrounding photonic environment without altering the lattice structure.

There is a growing demand for wearable electronics for sensing, but it is challenging to integrate in-situ logic computing methods. Here the authors report multi-layered printed fibers to integrate logic circuits for wearable sensors.

Chen et al. report a lattice-matched molecule, tris(4-methoxyphenyl) phosphine oxide, to anchor multi-site defects and stabilise the lattice of perovskite quantum dots, enabling deep-red LEDs with efficiency up to 26.91% at 693 nm. The air-processed devices can still maintain an efficiency of 26.28%.

The authors demonstrate that the response of the flexural vibrations of twisted bilayer graphene can be hysteretic depending on the angle between the lattices of the layers, finding that the quality factors of the vibrations are enhanced compared to untwisted bilayers.

The formation of electrochemically inactive, or “dead”, lithium limits the reversibility of lithium metal batteries. Here the authors elucidate the (electro)chemical roles of ethylene gas produced from electrolyte decomposition on the formation of inactive lithium.

SERS nanosensors use tailored molecular receptors for precise detection. Here, authors develop a data-driven recommender system that selects optimal multireceptors a priori, enabling classification of structural analogs with >95% accuracy

Linear scaling relationships often hinder the optimization of heterogeneous catalysts. Now, an intermediate spillover strategy is put forward by designing bi-component catalysts, thereby decoupling elementary electron-transfer steps and circumventing linear scaling relationships.

Capturing and valorizing H₂S from waste gas is key for sulfur recovery. Here, the authors report an electrochemical deep oxidation method that converts H₂S from polluted natural gas into value-added sulfate-containing products (K₂SO₄ or H₂SO₄) using in-situ generated H₂O₂ at cathode.

The use of biomarkers of ageing is crucial for investigating age-related processes. This Review discusses biomarkers of ageing and of ageing-associated physiological changes, at the cellular, tissue and organism levels in humans and non-human primates.

Here the authors unveil an approach rooted in non-Hermitian physics to precisely control light amplification in an integrated photonic platform, paving the way for innovative on-chip functionalities, like coherent control of light amplification and routing.

In this multicenter phase 1 trial, patients with advanced gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancer were safely treated with the CLDN18.2-targeting antibody–drug conjugate SHR-A1904, leading to encouraging objective response rates.

A quantum microsatellite, with a payload weighing only 23 kilograms, in combination with portable ground stations that weigh merely 100 kilograms, is capable of performing space-to-ground real-time quantum key distribution.

Here the authors find that the mRNA of GYS2, the liver-specific glycogen synthase, is a substrate of METTL3 and IGF2BP2 and that m6A-mediated regulation of Gys2 mRNA is critical for the maintenance of liver glycogenesis in mammals during growth, such as mice and rats.

In this Perspective, members of the Aging Biomarker Consortium outline the X-Age Project, an Aging Biomarker Consortium plan for building standardized aging clocks in China. The authors discuss the project roadmap and its aims of decoding aging heterogeneity, detecting accelerated aging early and evaluating geroprotective interventions.

Azoxy products have rarely been synthesized using enzyme catalysts. Herein, the authors report that fungal unspecific peroxygenases are promising catalysts for synthesizing azoxy products from simple aniline starting materials.

The high annealing temperature in two-step sequential deposition could lead to the desorption of self-assembled molecules at the buried interface. Here, the authors propose a low temperature sequential deposition method and achieve certified efficiency of 26.0% for perovskite solar cells.

Phase-separated biomolecular condensates are implicated in a myriad of biological processes. Here the authors apply optical tweezers to characterize the viscoelasticity and interfacial tension of a range of condensates, finding that condensates can deviate from simple fluids in opposite directions; and identify shear relaxation as a governing measure of condensate dynamics.

Si anodes could be an alternative to Li anodes in the application of solid-state batteries, but they suffer from issues such as severe volume expansion and sluggish kinetics. Here the researchers develop a Li–Si alloy anode that is stabilized by hard carbon, which leads to exceptional high-performance solid-state batteries.

The flagship paper of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes Consortium describes the generation of the integrative analyses of 2,658 cancer whole genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types, the structures for international data sharing and standardized analyses, and the main scientific findings from across the consortium studies.

Integrative analyses of transcriptome and whole-genome sequencing data for 1,188 tumours across 27 types of cancer are used to provide a comprehensive catalogue of RNA-level alterations in cancer.

Androgen receptor (AR) usually drives prostate cancer cell growth, but its role in immune cells like macrophages, remains unclear. The authors here show that AR⁺TREM2⁺ macrophages exhibits enhanced immunosuppressive and tumour-promoting effects comping to its counterparts with the mechanism of upregulated APOE/TREM2/AR expression in inducing immunosuppressive gene profile in macrophage.

Sequencing the genome and microbiome of about 1,500 tick samples from regions across China revealed host–microbe associations in ticks that could have implications for controlling ticks and tick-borne diseases.

A machine learning framework is proposed to accurately predict electron–phonon coupling (EPC) strengths while reducing computational costs compared with first-principles methods. This approach facilitates EPC calculations with advanced functionals, allowing the accurate determination of real-world material properties such as carrier mobility and superconductivity.

β-Lactone-containing natural products are rare. Now, a polyketide with a unique cyclopentane–β-lactone skeleton is reported. The key enzymes identified for the formation of the bicyclic core are a non-ribosomal peptide synthetase-like module with a β-lactone ring forming esterase and peptidyl carrier protein, thioester reductase and condensation domains.

Qu et al. report a self-assembled material with π-expanded conjugation to form hydrophilic ordered bilayer as hole selective layer for inverted perovskite solar cells. The enhanced interfacial charge extraction and transport enable certified efficiency of 26.39% and 25.21% for 7.15 mm² - and 99.12 mm² -devices, respectively.

The semileptonic decay channels of the Λc baryon can give important insights into weak interaction, but decay into a neutron, positron and electron neutrino has not been reported so far, due to difficulties in the final products’ identification. Here, the BESIII Collaboration reports its observation in e+e- collision data, exploiting machine-learning-based identification techniques.

The authors present SVclone, a computational method for inferring the cancer cell fraction of structural variants from whole-genome sequencing data.

When entering a ferromagnet, a spin-singlet supercurrent decays rapidly, while a spin-triplet supercurrent can extend over much longer distances. Here, the authors observe long-range, spin triplet supercurrent in lateral Josephson junctions constructed using the van der Waals metallic ferromagnet Fe₃GeTe₂ as the weak link.

The separator plays a crucial role in mitigating dendrites and side reactions in aqueous zinc-ion batteries. Here, authors design an anisotropic separator with high modulus and large ionic conductivity to break the trade-off between low separator thickness and good dendrite-inhibition ability.

Spliceosomal snRNP core assembly typically requires chaperones such as the SMN complex. Here, the authors reveal two pathways in budding yeast: a chaperone-mediated pathway involving Brr1 and Lot5, and a direct pathway using stable intermediates, shedding light on chaperone evolution.

This is a protocol for the large-scale expansion of proliferating human hepatocytes derived from human donor livers. These can be rematured in a three-dimensional culture system and are amenable to genetic manipulation.

The demonstration of high-resolution quantum-dot light-emitting diodes by transfer printing could prove useful for next-generation displays.

Reliable transportation of multiple goods with different temperature requirements can logistically challenging. Here, the authors propose an adaptive multi-temperature control system using liquid-solid phase change materials to achieve effective thermal management using just a pair of heat and cold sources.

The genetic factors involved in liver injury remain largely unknown. Here, the authors show that ASGR1 deficiency induces liver injury by activating the GP73-mediated ER stress pathway, suggesting its role as a genetic determinant influencing susceptibility to liver injury.

A substantial reduction of losses in a phononic waveguide can be achieved by soft clamping, through which phonons can be guided through very sharp turns with losses accounting for less than one phonon in a million.