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Crosstalk between the brain and CLNs is critical in brain pathologies. Here, the authors show in a mouse model that extravasated erythrocytes following SAH are degraded by cathepsin S of medullary LECs in CLNs, which plays an important role in SAH pathology.

The authors introduce a structural design with a well-ordered local structure for barium titanate-based ceramics, which decreases Curie temperature while preserves a sharp phase transition, enabling tunable polarization, large dielectric constant and intrinsic electrocaloric effect near room temperature.

Evidence for the presence of Homo during the Middle Pleistocene is limited in continental Southeast Asia. Here, the authors report a hominin molar from Tam Ngu Hao 2 (Cobra Cave), dated to 164–131 kyr. They use morphological and paleoproteomic analysis to show that it likely belonged to a female Denisovan.

The role of human glioma IDH1 mutations in regulation of antiviral response is unclear. Here, the authors show that D2HG produced by mutant IDH1 inhibits IFN antiviral responses in glioma cells, which confers sensitivity to oncolytic virotherapy.

This study reports age-dependent negative correlations between temporal changes in maximal leaf area index and growing season length, indicating contrasting leaf acclimation strategies driving vegetation greening in young versus old deciduous broadleaf forests.

In this multicenter phase 1 trial, patients with advanced gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancer were safely treated with the CLDN18.2-targeting antibody–drug conjugate SHR-A1904, leading to encouraging objective response rates.

Natural hyperbolic materials have attracted interest in photonics and until now were sought mainly in crystals with strong structural anisotropy. Here the authors propose that many noncubic electrides, owing to charge localization in interstitial sites, can support hyperbolic dispersion without depending on pronounced structural anisotropy.

Inspired by the regenerative capacity of deer antlers, Hao and colleagues report that antler blastema progenitor cell-derived extracellular vesicle treatment counteracts bone loss and epigenetic aging and is neuroprotective in mice and macaques.

Here the authors report that hepatic loss of GTPase-activating protein-binding protein1 (G3BP1) exacerbates MASLD and MASH pathogenesis in a study with male mice. Mechanistically, G3BP1 interacts with SNARE proteins and promotes autophagosome-lysosome fusion, and facilitates nuclear translocation of the transcription factor TFE3.

Lancelot, a compute-efficient federated learning framework using homomorphic encryption to prevent information leakage, is presented, achieving 20 times faster processing speeds through advanced cryptographic and encrypted sorting techniques.

A thin-film engineering method is employed to preserve high pressure solids in diamond capsules at ambient conditions, enabling tunable preserved pressures, controllable particle size, atomic-scale characterization, and potential large-scale uses.

In osteoporosis, bone marrow adipocytes (BMAds) accumulate, but their functions are not well understood. Here, Lin et al. show that BMAds promote senescence in neighbouring cells by releasing excess fatty acids, then develop a BMAd targeting nanoparticle to interfere with BMAd lipid metabolism as a strategy to treat osteoporosis.

Quantum information cannot be copied, posing challenges for long-distance communication due to signal losses. Here the quantum relay architecture using a single-photon source enhances the signal-to-noise ratio of quantum information transmission.

Jupiter’s radiation belt exhibits complex electron distributions shaped by wave–particle interactions and moon absorption. Here, the authors identify an electron slot region and quantify its formation driven by whistler waves via Juno mission data and simulations.

Liquid crystal elastomers are used in actuators, though methods to pre-program actuation limits the geometric design. Here the authors show a method of treating the elastomers in free-radical initiator to program actuation.

The spatiotemporal dynamics of neural processes revealed by human intracranial recordings sheds light on the temporal order of computations in speech production.

Abiotic methylation triggered by plastic debris can occur independently of light conditions and therefore drive methylmercury formation in dark waters, according to an experimental study combined with density functional theory calculations.

This work introduces roll-to-roll fluidics, a method that enhances reagent efficiency and reduces turnaround time, enabling rapid and economical next-generation sequencing.

This work demonstrates super colossal barocaloric effect in one of the “simplest” materials—H₂O, with a reversible entropy change as much as 728 J·kg^-1·K^-1 under a small pressure 0.1 GPa by adding a little amount of GdCl₃. Neutron combined with molecular dynamics simulations revealed the mechanism and inferred that H-bond engineering can be an attractive approach for designing novel caloric materials.

DNA Damage Regulated Autophagy Modulator 1 (DRAM1) plays pivotal roles in autophagy regulation. Here, the authors show that DRAM1 stabilizes lysosomal VAMP8, thereby promoting autolysosome maturation. Furthermore, they establish that DRAM1–VAMP8 axis enhances autophagic flux and facilitates hepatocellular carcinoma extravasation, as validated in both zebrafish xenograft and mouse metastatic models.

Combining antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting HER2 has been shown to improve efficacy in patients with advanced HER2+ breast cancer. Here, the authors report a randomised phase 2b trial comparing neoadjuvant ARX788 (HER2 ADC) plus pyrotinib (HER1, HER2 and HER4 TKI) against neoadjuvant standard of care (docetaxel, carboplatin, trastuzumab, and pertuzumab) for the treatment of HER2+ breast cancer.

Perchlorate is a toxic, explosive pollutant, and is difficult to precipitate due to its water solubility. Here, the authors report a pillar[5]arene-based supramolecular polymer network that can bind with perchlorate by clustered hydrogen-bonds for removal from water.

The pathological effects of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection on placental trophoblast progenitor cells in early human embryos are not well understood. In this study, using human trophoblast stem cells (hTSCs), Wu et al. show that hTSCs are readily infected by ZIKV, but that there is increasing resistance to the virus as differentiation towards mature lineages proceeds.

Here, the authors introduce a single-cell Hi-C method to study mammalian sperm, suggesting chromatin compartments but absent topological domains (TADs) or loops. It clarifies the unique 3D nuclear architecture of sperm and offers a foundation for investigating structural anomalies associated with male infertility.

The role of vascular plasticity in brain function remains poorly understood. Here, the authors demonstrate that a significant portion of blood vessels in the adult brain periodically occlude and regress, a process that is associated with a reduction in neuronal activity.

IL6ST participates in the development of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis by regulating the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.

Topochemical reactions facilitate the synthesis of specific polymers with controllable structural transformation in the crystalline state but their design protocol, type of reactions, and applications are limited. Here, the authors report a charge-transfer/Diels-Alder cascade reaction protocol to realize topochemical synthesis of chiroptical self-assembled materials.

Fabricating semiconductor devices with dimensions below 10 nm presents significant challenges. Here, Liu et al. use controlled electron irradiation to remove atoms in an MoS₂ sheet, creating Mo₅S₄nanoribbons with a uniform width of 0.35 nm and a theoretical band gap of 0.77 eV.

P2X3 activation requires tightening the inner pocket of the head domain (IP-HD) following ATP binding. Here the authors demonstrate that targeting the IP-HD with allosteric small molecules presents a potential strategy for the development of therapeutics for refractory chronic cough without taste abnormalities.

STING agonist-based endoplasmic reticulum-targeting molecules can be conjugated directly onto antigens to deliver them to the cross-presentation pathway, improving CD8⁺ T cell responses against tumours and viruses.

It is extremely difficult to separate tritium from radioactively contaminated water. Here the authors introduce catalytic hydrogen isotope exchange to water distillation, realizing excellent detritiation performance.

Superionic states of matter simultaneously exhibit some of the properties of a liquid and of a solid. Detailed numerical simulations predict two superionic phases in mixtures of helium and water.

Fault-tolerant manipulation of quantum bits is demonstrated experimentally on an eight-photon cluster state using topological error correction.

The authors design a flexible Ag₂Se-based thermoelectric device with optimized electrode materials, structure, and selenization time, capable of various applications including rapid response to human motion signals as electronic skin.

The strong scattering of biological tissue causes challenges when monitoring temperature changes at the microscale. Here, the authors propose a nanothermometer based on lanthanide luminescence, enabling minimally invasive imaging of the cerebrovascular system of mice at nearly 200 μm resolution.

This study uncovers how seasonal temperature variations influence organic carbon burial in lake sediments. The authors predict that a decline in temperature seasonality will significantly slow or reduce organic carbon burial in lake sediments, leading to carbon emissions and amplified global warming.

Constructing catalysts with dual active sites is crucial for optimizing adsorption sites and enhancing catalytic performance. Here, uniformly dispersed CuCo alloy and CoO nanosheet composite catalysts with dual active sites were developed, significantly boosting activity in the water-gas shift reaction.

An endohedral metallofullerene–polymer layer, which features ultrafast electron extraction and in situ encapsulation, improves the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells.

The LHCb experiment at CERN has observed significant asymmetries between the decay rates of the beauty baryon and its CP-conjugated antibaryon, thus demonstrating CP violation in baryon decays.