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Controlling oxidation pathways is crucial for efficient water purification. Here, authors develop Fe/Mn single-atom catalysts that tune radical and non-radical processes, enabling rapid, robust degradation of pollutants and offering broad potential for wastewater treatment.

This study shows that Galectin-3 promotes wound healing by binding to and undergoing phase separation with integrin α5β1, a process disrupted by AGEs in pre-clinical models of diabetes. Topical Galectin-3 restored healing in synergy with insulin.

Understanding the growth pathway of faceted alloy nanoparticles at the atomic level is crucial to morphology control and property tuning, but remains a challenge. Here, the authors reveal the particle growth and facet formation mechanisms of octahedral Pt₃Ni nanoparticles using multiple cutting-edge in situ techniques.

Fang et al. demonstrate that OsHSFA4d enhances thermotolerance by activating HSP101 and promoting CslF6 expression, which suppresses disease resistance. It is phosphorylated by OsCDPK24/28, increasing its DNA binding ability under heat stress. This trade-off mechanism of abiotic/biotic stress may broadly exist in plant kingdom.

Foundation models enable rapid adaptation to various downstream tasks and are hence about to become a new paradigm in biomedicine. Here, the authors develop LLaVA-Rad, a small AI that bests larger models in chest X-ray interpretation, and CheXprompt, a radiologist-aligned factuality metric, to enable scalable, privacy-preserving image analysis.

The high annealing temperature in two-step sequential deposition could lead to the desorption of self-assembled molecules at the buried interface. Here, the authors propose a low temperature sequential deposition method and achieve certified efficiency of 26.0% for perovskite solar cells.

Oral drug delivery system has clinical potential for colorectal cancer (CRC) drug therapy but limited by the delivery efficiency when transporting through the formidable intestinal barriers. Here this group reports a Lactobacillus rhamnosus-engineered mesoporous silica nanosystem which effectively penetrates intestinal mucus and epithelial barrier, thereby delivering NO donor BNN6 and cisplatin for in vivo CRC tumor growth inhibition.

Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is an important part of the mucosal immune response. Here, the authors show that an intestinal commensal protist can enhance mucosal IgA production upon vaccination and that this involves the accumulation of free arachidonic acid in the intestinal lumen.

An interim analysis of a single-arm trial in 5 children with hereditary deafness shows that binaural AAV gene therapy is safe and leads to hearing improvement up to 13–26 weeks of follow-up.

Inflammatory conditions often affect colorectal cancer patients, and their effect on their ongoing treatment is a pressing medical question. Here authors show that inflammation interferes with local anti-tumour immune response and inhibits response to immune checkpoint blockade therapy via immunosuppressive neutrophil leukocytes.

Cristen Willer, Kristian Hveem and colleagues use an exome array to identify a coding variant in TM6SF2 that is associated with total cholesterol levels. They further show that transient overexpression of TM6SF2 or knockdown of Tm6sf2 in mice alters serum lipid profiles, implicating TM6SF2 as a causal regulator of lipid traits.

A diet–microorganism pathway involving conjugated linoleic acid, interleukin-18, intraepithelial lymphocytes and the transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor  4γ modulates the host mucosal immune system.

Extrachromosomal DNA makes cancerous tumours resistant to treatment, but this research demonstrates that increasing transcription–replication conflict allows for targeted elimination of cancer cells containing extrachromosomal DNA, and thus sustained tumour regression in mice.

Circulating factors have an important role in aging. Here the authors show that small extracellular vesicles derived from young plasma rejuvenate whole-body physiology in aged mice, at least in part, by stimulating PGC-1α expression and improving mitochondrial energy metabolism.

This study reports the genomic changes underlying the convergent and divergent agronomic improvement of the female and male heterotic groups during modern hybrid maize breeding, laying a foundation for the dissection and utilization of maize heterosis.

Controlling the doping depth in perovskites allows the creation of a depletion region that inhibits the migration of iodide ions under illumination. Solar cells exhibit a power conversion efficiency of 24.6% and maintain 88% of the initial efficiency after 1,900 h of continuous operation.

The role of DNA methylation in early embryo development has been difficult to determine due to the functional redundancy of DNA methyltransferases. Here they develop an efficient base editing system that enables one-step generation of Dnmt-null embryos and show that DNA methylation-related miRNA suppression may be involved in gastrulation.

Prov-GigaPath, a whole-slide pathology foundation model pretrained on a large dataset containing around 1.3 billion pathology images, attains state-of-the-art performance in cancer classification and pathomics tasks.

The TARDBP gene encodes TDP-43, a multifunctional DNA- and RNA-binding protein involved in many cellular processes. Mutations in TARDBP are associated with TDP-43 proteinopathies. In vivo and in vitro studies of mutants and peptides show similarities between TDP-43 and prion proteins, suggesting that TDP-43 derivatives may cause disease by spreading to neighboring neurons.

The catalytic enantioselective synthesis of inherently chiral calix[n]arenes with high enantiopurity has long been a challenging endeavor. Herein, the authors report an enantioselective cobalt-catalyzed C–H activation/annulation for the efficient construction of inherently chiral calix[4]arenes bearing multiple C–N axially chiral element.

Research on electrochemical nitrate reduction to ammonia in acidic conditions has been less extensive than that conducted in alkaline conditions. Here, the authors report a hybrid of iron phthalocyanine and TiO₂ catalyst with improved efficiency toward acidic nitrate reduction and its application in Zn-nitrate batteries and high-voltage pollutes-based fuel cell.

Hrd1 is an endoplasmic reticulum-localized E3 ubiquitin ligase that inactivates Usp15 to promote inflammation during bacterial infection, and depletion of Hrd1 in macrophages protects mice from septic shock.

The buried interface beneath the solid-liquid junction is crucial for photoelectrochemical device efficiency and requires precise characterization for optimization. Here the authors probe the in situ transformation of a Cu_xO interlayer at the NiO/n-Si interface by hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and improve solar-to-hydrogen efficiency to 4.56%.

The instability of contact layers for perovskite solar cells under operating conditions limits the deployment of the technology. Now, Lin et al. develop a Cu–Ni electrode sandwiched between in situ-grown graphene protective layers, enabling solar cells with improved stability under light, humidity and high temperature.

The negative electrode reversibility limits the lifespan of Zn metal batteries. Here, authors report an aqueous electrolyte with a reverse micelle structure that improves the reversibility of the Zn metal anode enabling the production of an ampere-hour-level pouch cell with five months lifetime.

The development of new methodologies to convert plastics into fuels without relying on noble metal-based catalysts is desirable. Now it is shown that a layered self-pillared zeolite enables the conversion of polyethylene to gasoline with a selectivity of 99% and yields of >80% without the need to use external hydrogen.

Volume delineation of organs-at risk (OARs) and target tumors is an indispensable process for creating radiotherapy treatment planning. Herein, the authors propose a lightweight deep learning framework to empower the rapid and precise volume delineation of whole-body OARs and target tumors.

Higher milk intake is associated with lower type 2 diabetes risk in lactase non-persistent individuals, partly through gut microbiome and blood metabolites.

Steering the selectivity-determining steps is as important as the C–C coupling steps in CO₂ electroreduction. Here the authors highlight that single-site noble metal dopants on the Cu surface can influence C–O bond dissociation and direct the post-C–C coupling pathways to ethylene versus ethanol.

Structures of the Arabidopsis thaliana auxin exporter PIN1 in the apo state, bound to the natural auxin or bound to an inhibitor provide insights into the polar auxin transport mechanisms mediated by PIN family transporters.

Excess water in hydrogel-based zinc ion batteries causes side reactions, but reduced water content results in low conductivities. Here, authors develop a lean-water hydrogel based on molecular lubrication mechanism for fast ion transportation, extended stability, and reversible Zinc plating/stripping.

Both dietary and microbial factors influence the composition of the gut bile acid pool, which in turn modulates the frequencies and functionalities of RORγ-expressing colonic FOXP3⁺ regulatory T cells, contributing to protection from inflammatory colitis.

Electrochemical conversion of CO₂ to fuels is a promising strategy to reduce the ever-increasing CO₂ emission. Here, the authors developed graphene quantum dots (GQDs) catalysts to efficiently convert CO₂ to CH₄ and revealed the significance of electron-donating functional groups in regulating the reactivity of GQDs.

The search for efficient photoanodes for water oxidation is ongoing. Here, the authors investigate the effect of barium doping on a tantalum nitride nanostructured photoanode, and report a solar energy conversion efficiency of 1.5% in the presence of a cobalt phosphate co-catalyst.

Single-cell pathway activity factor analysis (scPAFA), a Python library designed for large-scale single-cell datasets allowing rapid PAS computation and uncovering biologically interpretable disease-related multicellular pathway modules.