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Multiancestry genome-wide association analyses identify new risk loci for stroke and stroke subtypes. Fine mapping and bioinformatics analyses of these risk loci point to mechanisms not previously implicated in stroke pathophysiology.

Primary angle-closure glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness. Here, the authors identify rare deleterious variants in UBOX5 as risk factors and implicate BIP ubiquitination as a potential disease mechanism.

Hong Kong experienced a severe wave of SARS-CoV-2 in early 2022. Here, the authors use genomic and serosurveillance data and show that this wave was dominated by the Omicron BA.2 sublineage, and that low protective immunity, particularly in older age groups, contributed to its severity.

A genome-wide CRISPR screen helps to identify the Epstein–Barr virus receptor desmocollin 2 for primary epithelial cell infection. Additional infection assays revealed that desmocollin 3 also aids infection.

John Chambers, Jaspal Kooner, Pim van der Harst, Shyong Tai, Paul Elliott, Jiang He, Norihiro Kato and colleagues performed a genome-wide association study of blood pressure phenotypes in individuals of European, East Asian and South Asian ancestry. They find trait-associated SNPs at 12 loci, some of which are associated with methylation at nearby CpG sites.

There is a need to understand how nanomaterials interact with biological systems. Here, the authors report the surface chemistry of graphene oxide nanosheets (GOs) influences the structure of low-density lipoprotein and changes lipid metabolism pathways including LDL recognition, uptake, hydrolysis, efflux, and lipid droplet formation.

Understanding deregulation of biological pathways in cancer can provide insight into disease etiology and potential therapies. Here, as part of the PanCancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) consortium, the authors present pathway and network analysis of 2583 whole cancer genomes from 27 tumour types.

There’s an emerging body of evidence to show how biological sex impacts cancer incidence, treatment and underlying biology. Here, using a large pan-cancer dataset, the authors further highlight how sex differences shape the cancer genome.

Analyses of 2,658 whole genomes across 38 types of cancer identify the contribution of non-coding point mutations and structural variants to driving cancer.

In somatic cells the mechanisms maintaining the chromosome ends are normally inactivated; however, cancer cells can re-activate these pathways to support continuous growth. Here, the authors characterize the telomeric landscapes across tumour types and identify genomic alterations associated with different telomere maintenance mechanisms.

Integrative analyses of transcriptome and whole-genome sequencing data for 1,188 tumours across 27 types of cancer are used to provide a comprehensive catalogue of RNA-level alterations in cancer.

Whole-genome sequencing data from more than 2,500 cancers of 38 tumour types reveal 16 signatures that can be used to classify somatic structural variants, highlighting the diversity of genomic rearrangements in cancer.

Viral pathogen load in cancer genomes is estimated through analysis of sequencing data from 2,656 tumors across 35 cancer types using multiple pathogen-detection pipelines, identifying viruses in 382 genomic and 68 transcriptome datasets.

Analysis of cancer genome sequencing data has enabled the discovery of driver mutations. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium the authors present DriverPower, a software package that identifies coding and non-coding driver mutations within cancer whole genomes via consideration of mutational burden and functional impact evidence.

A pan-cancer genomic analysis reports the effects of structural variations on chromatin domains (TADs). Most TAD disruptions do not result in appreciable changes in expression of nearby genes.

Some cancer patients first present with metastases where the location of the primary is unidentified; these are difficult to treat. In this study, using machine learning, the authors develop a method to determine the tissue of origin of a cancer based on whole sequencing data.

Many tumours exhibit hypoxia (low oxygen) and hypoxic tumours often respond poorly to therapy. Here, the authors quantify hypoxia in 1188 tumours from 27 cancer types, showing elevated hypoxia links to increased mutational load, directing evolutionary trajectories.

Multi-omics datasets pose major challenges to data interpretation and hypothesis generation owing to their high-dimensional molecular profiles. Here, the authors develop ActivePathways method, which uses data fusion techniques for integrative pathway analysis of multi-omics data and candidate gene discovery.

The characterization of 4,645 whole-genome and 19,184 exome sequences, covering most types of cancer, identifies 81 single-base substitution, doublet-base substitution and small-insertion-and-deletion mutational signatures, providing a systematic overview of the mutational processes that contribute to cancer development.

In this study the authors consider the structural variants (SVs) present within cancer cases of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium. They report hundreds of genes, including known cancer-associated genes for which the nearby presence of a SV breakpoint is associated with altered expression.

The mechanisms linking neuropsychiatric and metabolic disorders remain unclear. The authors show a pancreas–hippocampus feedback loop whereby metabolic and circadian factors drive behavioral fluctuations, with potential relevance for bipolar disorder.

SARS-CoV-2 rebound is a recurrence of symptoms or return to test positivity after initial recovery. Here, the authors demonstrate an association between SARS-CoV-2 rebound and post-acute COVID conditions using data from Hong Kong.

Nickel-heavy battery chemistries raise concerns over cost, supply risk and environmental impact. A new design cuts nickel use by over one-third, replacing it with more abundant manganese—without sacrificing performance.

Gastric Squamous Cell Carcinoma (GSCC) is a rare subtype of gastric cancer with unknown etiology. Here, the authors identify frequent mutations in epigenetic regulation genes including EZH2 in twenty GSCC patient samples, and demonstrate that EZH2 loss, along with TP53 and PTEN loss, leads to GSCC in mouse models.

Results from a multicenter, randomized phase 2 trial in China show that adjuvant anti-PD-1 therapy in patients with resected hepatocellular carcinoma with microvascular invasion leads to prolonged recurrence-free survival compared to active surveillance.

T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia is an aggressive cancer. Here the authors provide insights into the functional role of SHQ1, an H/ACA snoRNP assembly factor involved in snRNA pseudouridylation, in T-lymphoblastic leukemia cell survival through regulating the maturation of MYC mRNA.

In order to design cancer immune therapies, it is important to understand how tumours evade the immune response that is mounted against them. Authors here analyse the distribution and properties of immune cells in hepatocellular carcinoma and describe a progressive tumour-immune co-evolution programme from early to late stage cancer.

A quantum microsatellite, with a payload weighing only 23 kilograms, in combination with portable ground stations that weigh merely 100 kilograms, is capable of performing space-to-ground real-time quantum key distribution.

Eurasian grasslands have high production sensitivity to extreme drought compared with North American grasslands.

Non-nucleotide stimulators of interferon gene (STING) agonists hold great promise as the immunotherapeutic agents for cancer therapy. Here, this group reports incorporating STING agonist MSA-2 and DOX in the separate layers of 3D-printed polymeric scaffold for effectively activating STING-IFNβ pathway, enhancing DAMPs release thereby suppressing postsurgical tumor recurrence and metastasis.

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps generally has a type 2 inflammatory eosinophilic profile but can have a treatment resistant neutrophilic phenotype. Here the authors characterise nasal polyps using single cell sequencing and spatial transcriptomics and show granzyme K⁺CD8⁺ T cells associated with neutrophilic inflammation which promote release of neutrophilic chemoattractants from fibroblasts.

A microphase crosslinking strategy, leveraging aziridine-based crosslinkers, is used to render organic thermoelectric materials stretchable and elastic.

RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) modulate all aspects of RNA metabolism. Here the authors introduce a method named HARD-AP that effectively isolates RBPs and their closely associated RNA regulatory complexes from both cultured cells and fresh tissues.

Xu, Yu, Zhang, Ma, He and colleagues show that SHP-1 inhibition causes increased glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation through PFKP in leukaemia stem cells, thereby promoting immunosurveillance and chemosensitivity in acute myeloid leukaemia.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) establishes chronic infection in human, but the underlying mechanistic insights are lacking. Here the authors use single cell RNA and TCR sequencing to profile peripheral blood and mucosal cells from infected patients to report alterations in macrophage differentiation and T cell gene signature that may contribute to persisting H. pylori infection.

Sequencing the genome and microbiome of about 1,500 tick samples from regions across China revealed host–microbe associations in ticks that could have implications for controlling ticks and tick-borne diseases.

Impaired mitochondrial long-chain fatty acid β-oxidation (mtLCFAO) in type 2 alveolar epithelial (AT2) cells is thought to aggravate alveolar inflammation in acute lung injury. Here, the authors show that the mtLCFAO rate limiting enzyme CPT1a is decreased in AT2 cells in acute respiratory distress syndrome, highlighting the role of mtLCFAO in immunometabolism in this context.

Here the authors isolate two human antibodies, H7.HK1 and H7.HK2, that achieve broad and potent neutralization against H7N9 influenza by targeting a distinct lateral patch on the hemagglutinin head, thus making them favorable to complement other antibodies for combination therapy.

So far, a continuous time crystal has only been implemented on a quantum system. Optically driven many-body interactions in a nanomechanical photonic metamaterial now allow the realization of a classical continuous time crystal.

Protein glycosylation plays a vital role in antigen recognition and immune modulation. Here, the authors present a computational workflow for identifying glycosylated peptides from mass spectrometry-based immunopeptidome data and investigate the properties of glycosylated MHC associated peptides.

This study reveals a regulation mechanism of the ALR1 aluminium receptor involving phosphorylation switching by PP2C phosphatases and PBL27 kinase. This mechanism modulates ALR1–BAK1 complex formation, thereby controlling plant aluminium sensing and resistance.

A genome-wide association study including over 76,000 individuals with schizophrenia and over 243,000 control individuals identifies common variant associations at 287 genomic loci, and further fine-mapping analyses highlight the importance of genes involved in synaptic processes.

Progress with metamaterials and plasmonics in more applications is stymied by a lack of low-loss media at high frequencies. In this work, Ou et al. show that the topological insulator Bi_1.5Sb_0.5Te_1.8Se_1.2exhibits plasmonic resonances between 350 and 550 nm, and that adding gratings extends this considerably.

The strain-release-driven reactions of bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes (BCBs) have received significant attention from chemists. Herein, the authors report an asymmetric synthesis of atropisomers featuring cis-cyclobutane boronic esters facilitated by 1,2-carbon or boron migration of ring-strained B-ate complexes, achieving high enantioselectivity.

The applicability of the circularly polarized luminescence emitted from chiral substances is limited by their poor performance. Here, the authors describe the sequential amplification of circularly polarized luminescence of metal clusters to trigger enantioselective photopolymerization.

The safety profile of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use remains controversial. Here, the authors show that PPI use is associated with an increased risk of 15 leading global diseases, with absolute risks increasing with baseline risks, highlighting the need for personalized PPI use strategies.