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Contributions of vehicular and structural proton transport are quantified in phosphoric acid electrolytes, with linking structural diffusion to hydrogen bonds. The derived conductivity model guides electrolyte-conductivity trends and identifies 5.8 M for low-temperature batteries.

A generative model provides a dataset of registered disease and healthy image pairs for chest X-ray interpretation and clinical diagnosis.

The evolutionary reasons for the variation in silicon concentrations across plant families remain unclear. This paper provides new evidence that silicon variation is closely linked to global and long-term climate change, suggesting temperature could have driven the evolution of plant silicification.

Light-controlled gating of ion transport across membranes occurs in nature via channelrhodopsin nanochannels. Here, the authors show facile non-covalent approach towards light-responsive biomimetic nanochannels using host–guest interactions between a negative pillararene host and a positive azobenzene guest.

GlycoRNAs on small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are emerging biomarkers but challenging to detect. Here, authors develop drFRET to image five sEV glycoRNAs in a 100-patient clinical cohort for cancer diagnostics, while revealing their roles as glycan receptor ligands and mediators of sEV uptake.

Single-atomic impurities may induce novel quantum state, but they are unexplored in topological magnets. Here, the authors report spin-down polarized bound states which further interact with neighboring states to form spin-orbit split quantized orbitals in a topological magnet Co₃Sn₂S₂.

A dual-additive crystallization method using PyNI and 5AVA as additives results in highly efficient 3D perovskite films with enhanced photoluminescence quantum efficiencies and external quantum efficiencies, and hence increased LED performance.

The utility of wet-tissue adhesives has been impeded by the suboptimal adhesive strength. Here the authors report a composite patch integrated with BP nanosheets that improve the wet-tissue adhesion by enhancing the water absorption and mechanical properties of the patch and demonstrate the uses of the patch in hemostasis, physical-activity monitoring and tumour-recurrence prevention.

The p53 target FBP1 is elevated in senescent-like metabolic-dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis hepatocytes but suppressed through promoter hypermethylation and proteasomal degradation in most human hepatocellular carcinomas.

Analyses on a newly assembled, nearly complete genome of Ginkgo biloba revealed the cause of genome expansion and candidate genes associated with the formation of spermatophore flagellum in ginkgo, advancing our understanding about gymnosperm evolution.

Tea is an important beverage crop with a large and heterozygous genome. Here, the authors assemble the genome of the cultivar Longjing 43 and conduct a population genetics study to reveal divergent selection for disease resistance and flavor between the two variety groups.

Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) expressing paracrine factors may enhance therapeutic benefits when transplanted. Here, the authors show that hMSCs stably expressing prostacyclin enhance host regeneration and muscle mass gain in a mouse hindlimb ischaemia model, mediated by the long noncoding RNA H19.

Here, the authors present a chip-scale reconstructive spectroscopic sensor that achieves >520 nm bandwidth with <8 pm resolution, demonstrating various spectrometric applications and realizing a detection limit comparable to benchtop counterparts.

The utilization of dual-atom catalysts holds the potential in surpassing single-atom catalysts for oxygen evolution reactions. Here, the authors examine the mechanism of dual-atom catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction and identify catalyst optimization recipes via large-scale computations.

TNF inhibitors show clinical benefits for Behçet’s disease (BD), but the underlying molecular insights are still unclear. Here the authors use both patient samples and mouse genetic models to show that TNF inhibitors may target a metabolite/TRPM2/calcium signaling positive feedback loop of inflammation amplification for dampening vasculitis in BD.

Soft tissue trauma can result in aberrant osteochondral differentiation of local mesenchymal progenitor cells. Here the authors show that, in mice, soft tissue trauma results in NGF expression by perivascular cells, which leads to axonal invasion and drives abnormal osteochondral differentiation, and show that this process can be prevented by inhibition of NGF signaling.

Insulin-related gene (Insig) negatively regulates hepatic fatty acid synthesis, a process involved in development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Here, the authors show that AMPK activation by metformin promotes Insig phosphorylation, stabilizing it and inhibiting lipogenic gene expression. This is protective against steatosis in diabetic mice.

The mechanism of charge density wave order in V-based kagome metals has been debated. Here the authors use a range of experimental techniques combined with ab initio calculations to study the electronic structure and phonon modes of ScV₆Sn₆, revealing the dominant role of strong electron-phonon coupling.

Variants in the FTO gene locus are known to be associated with obesity, including rs1421085 T>C variant, and now it is shown in mouse knock-in models that this C-allele increases expression of the Fto gene in brown adipocytes and enhances brown adipose tissue thermogenesis and obesity resistance.

Studying production, funding and consumption of science, the authors find a strong alignment between what the public consumes and what is impactful, as well as an alignment between funding and collective public use.

This study presents a comprehensive pipeline to profile transmembrane receptors involved in macrophage-driven inflammation in pancreatic islets during the onset of diabetes. The authors identify GPR132 as a mediator of macrophage-driven inflammation and find compounds that reduce inflammation and improve glycaemic control.

TAAR1 has a rigid consensus binding motif that binds to endogenous trace amine stimuli as well as two extended binding pockets that accommodate diverse chemotypes.

The description of the cryo-EM structure of an orphan adhesion GPCR–G_s protein complex in apo state facilitates the screening and identification of potential ligands of ADGRG2.

Frustrated kagome magnets host both fermionic and bosonic excitations, but evidence of their interplay has been elusive. Here, the authors report a pronounced renormalization of electron bands near the Fermi surface due to the coupling with a flat phonon band in a kagome paramagnet, CoSn.

The interaction between a GPCR, such as the vasopressin receptor-2 (V2R), and arrestin depends on the receptors’ phosphorylation pattern. Here authors use FRET and NMR to analyze the phosphorylation patterns of the V2R-arrestin complex and show that phospho-interactions are the key determinants of selective arrestin conformational states and correlated functions.

Using cryo-electron microscopy, the authors report the structures of G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor–G_s complexes and reveal the structural basis of bile acid recognition.

The no-reflow phenomenon after stroke is attributed to damaged spontaneous vasomotion of cerebral arterioles, which can be alleviated by maintaining mitochondria-ER contact-dependent Ca²⁺ oscillation.