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This study identified prevalent giant extrachromosomal elements from the human oral microbiome. The genetic and ecological analysis provides insight on the potential contribution of this element in adaptation against multiple oral environmental stressors.

Cells must  adapt to environmental changes. Here, the authors show that TM9SF3 mediates PIP₂ translocation in response to extracellular acidification,  thereby regulating cell migration through cytoskeletal remodelling.

A single-cell multiomic immune cell atlas from 235 Japanese, including patients with COVID-19 and healthy individuals, linked with host genetics including germline and somatic mutation, plasma proteomics and metagenomics data reveals that immune cells are dynamically regulated in a cell state-dependent manner.

High-density multimodal soft bioelectronic fibres provide a platform for minimally invasive implantable electronics, where diverse sensing and stimulation functionalities can be effectively integrated.

Analysis of the blood DNA virome in patients with COVID-19 and autoimmune disease associates endogenous HHV-6 (eHHV-6) and high anellovirus load with increased disease risk, most notably for systemic lupus erythematosus. eHHV-6 carriers show a distinct immune response.

A genome-wide association study highlights a variant in DOCK2, which is common in East Asian populations but rare in Europeans, as a host genetic risk factor for severe COVID-19.

Immunodeficiency-centromeric instability-facial anomalies syndrome is a life threatening autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in DNMT3B and ZBTB24. Here Thijssen et al. identify mutations in CDCA7 and HELLSin previously unexplained cases.

The RNA binding protein hnRNPL is recruited to chromatin by the PIK3CB promoter-transcribed non-coding RNA and forms phase-separated condensates, which activates PIK3CB transcription and glycolysis, thus promoting ovarian cancer progression.

The construction of a self-assembled nanocage composed of four metal ions and six antiaromatic walls is demonstrated, and the effect of antiaromaticity on the host–guest properties is investigated.

Genome-wide association analysis of gout and urate identifies 148 new loci, implicating biological pathways and prioritizing candidate genes involved in inflammatory processes.

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 73 Japanese patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and 75 healthy controls were analyzed using single-cell transcriptomics. Combining these data with genotyping data highlights the interplay between host genetics and the immune response in modulating disease severity.

Here, the authors perform cross-trait analyses of respiratory and cardiometabolic diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, and smoking and identify negative genetic correlations between respiratory and cardiometabolic diseases in individuals of East Asian ancestry, in opposition from the positive association in European ancestry individuals.

The development of a nitrogen fixation process that relies on the renewable energy, such as visible light, is an important goal in sustainable chemistry. Here, authors establish an iridium and molybdenum-catalysed ammonia formation from dinitrogen driven by visible light under ambient reaction conditions.

Advancements in organic synthesis often face challenges in optimizing reaction conditions efficiently. Here, the authors develop a fully automated system integrating real-time Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and a neural network model, achieving accurate real-time yield predictions for Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reactions.

Robbins and colleagues show that cigarette smoke-induced endothelial dysfunction enables atherosclerotic plaque macrophages to drive abdominal aortic aneurysm formation in a mouse model of atherosclerosis.

Here the authors study atomic scale dynamics in water by using X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy. They use a split-and-delay optics with self-seeding of X-rays to generate pulses of enough energy and controlled time delay between two X-ray pulses.

Freely attachable carbon nanotube terahertz–infrared imager sheet performs in-line, dynamic, and real-time detailed testing of pharmaceutic pill products in an on-site non-destructive monitoring manner.

The superconducting gap structure of FeSe remains a debated issue. Here, Hashimoto et al. report momentum dependence of the gap in single- and multi-domain regions of orthorhombic FeSe crystals, revealing an unusual node lifting of the gap structure in multi-domain regions.

Neutrophils are early mediators for inflammation, but their functions in autoimmunity is still unclear. By using single cell analyses to compare patients with microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) and controls, here the authors find increased IFN-II-related neutrophils induced by IFN-γ and TNF signaling as a relapse risk marker for small vessel vasculitis.

Synergistic use of coordination bonds that are strong and reversible realizes unique molecular recognition in artificial systems. Here, the authors show that a zinc-based metallomacrocyle can bind dicarboxylic acids of suitable length at specific metal sites by shape deformation and dimerization.

The cytoplasmic protein FROUNT can bind to chemokine receptors and enhance chemokine signalling. Here, the authors show that inhibiting FROUNT in macrophages either by knockdown of the gene or using the anti-alcoholism drug disulfiram, results in a reduction in tumour growth.

While diet is essential for daily nutrient acquisition, excessive intake of sugar-rich foods drives obesity and related health issues like diabetes. Here, the authors show that commensal bacterium S. salivarius curbs obesity by transforming dietary sugars into beneficial compounds.

Researchers demonstrate optical weights for in-memory photonic computing using magneto-optic memory cells comprising Ce:YIG on silicon micro-ring resonators. Non-reciprocal phase shift provides a fast, efficient and robust integrated optical processing platform.

A close-up look at the action of space weathering on carbonaceous asteroids, provided by Ryugu’s returned samples, highlights its role on the dehydration of the first micrometre-thick layer of the surface, possibly hiding a water-rich interior. The depth of the 2.7 µm hydration band may be an indication of the level of space weathering withstood by a C-type asteroid.

Reducing thermal conductivity of thermoelectric materials usually results in a tradeoff of electrical conductivity. Here, the authors demonstrate a strategy, which allows for a decoupling of charge and heat transport by incorporating topological-insulating Bi-Sb alloys at the grain boundaries of Fe₂VAl-based Heusler compounds.

The sample taken from carbonaceous asteroid Ryugu and brought back to Earth by the Hayabusa2 spacecraft contains outer Solar System-derived materials uncontaminated by terrestrial processes. Even CI carbonaceous chondrites, despite their closeness to solar abundances, are not pristine.

Understanding transformations of non-equilibrium materials is a key open scientific question. Here the pathway by which different polar supertextures undergo dynamical correlations and collectively transform into a metastable supercrystal state is revealed experimentally and theoretically over seven orders of magnitude timescale.

Comprehensive investigation of proteome changes in old-age across mammalian tissues was missing. Here, the authors provide proteome and transcriptome data of major tissues of 6, 15, 24, and 30-month-old mice. Age-related post-transcriptional dysregulation most affects ECM and OXPHOS proteins.

Existing organic long-persistent luminescence systems do not align with human scotopic vision. Here, authors achieve blue-shifted emissions in binary systems by upconverting charge-transfer to locally excited singlet state, with a strong luminescence under international standard for safety signs.

A global network of researchers was formed to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity; this paper reports 13 genome-wide significant loci and potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection.

Optical spectroscopy is used to probe correlated electronic states in a moiré heterostructure, showing many-body effects such as strong layer paramagnetism and an incompressible Mott-like state of electrons.

High-density, intrinsically stretchable transistors with high driving ability and integrated circuits with high operation speed and large-scale integration were enabled by a combination of innovations in materials, fabrication process design, device engineering and circuit design.

Insect acquisition of insecticide resistance represents a serious problem for agriculture. Here, authors reveal an insect symbiotic bacteria that degrades insecticide fenitrothion into a non-insecticidal but bactericidal compound, which is subsequently excreted by the insect host.

Antimicrobial resistance to currently available antibiotics requires innovation of antibiotics. Here, the authors identify a critical inhibitory site in an energy-producing enzyme, which can lead to rational design of antibiotics.

Mouse induced pluripotent stem cells derived from differentiated fibroblasts could be converted from male (XY) to female (XX), resulting in cells that could form oocytes and give rise to offspring after fertilization.

Light energy transfer from abundant hydroxylated carotenoids to the retinal moiety of widespread light-driven proton pumps is detected.

During a photoinduced phase transition, electronic rearrangements are usually faster than lattice ones. Time-resolved measurements now show that the insulator-to-metal transition in a thin-film Mott insulator is preceded by lattice reconfiguration.

Here, the authors identify six risk SNPs for systemic sclerosis by performing GWAS on Japanese patients and meta-analyzing Japanese and European GWAS datasets. Downstream analyses indicate that B cells contribute to pathogenesis.

Zhang, Fang, et al. develop a method to perform an in-depth lysine succinylation analysis in the mouse liver. This approach allows them to identify a previously unappreciated mechanism of regulation of the urea cycle and ammonia detoxification.