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Deep brain stimulation is effective but invasive. Here, the authors develop an injectable conductive hydrogel that forms in situ and enables wireless neuromodulation under volume conduction via capacitive coupling, showing therapeutic potential in a Parkinson’s disease rat model

Recent work has identified long-lived two-level systems in fluxonium qubits, prompting the development of techniques that capture environmental memory effects. Here, using two-timescale relaxometry, the authors show that the relaxation dynamics of fluxonium qubits are dominated by a discrete set of two-level systems with millisecond relaxation and sub-microsecond coherence times.

Neurotrophic factors have been shown to be involved beyond the neuronal system. Here the authors show brain derived neurotrophic factor and its derived dodecapeptide can antagonise TLR4 and can inhibit macrophage inflammation in murine models of inflammation.

PAN2-PAN3 complexes trim poly(A) tails of mRNAs. Here, the authors show that PAN2 associates with translation initiation factors and that germline-specific deletion of Pan2 in mice causes male infertility and compromises stability of key components of the translational machinery.

Pseudouridine (Ψ) is an abundant modification in human small RNA but the substrate specificity of its synthesis enzymes (PUSs) remains elusive. Here, the authors quantitatively profile Ψ map in small RNA, identify the substrates of PUSs and reveal unexpected PUSs interplay in tRNA pseudouridylation.

In a trial involving 2,069 patients and 111 clinicians across 24 disciplines, patients performing a preconsultation session with an LLM-powered chatbot had a significantly lower consultation time and both patients and clinicians reported improved communication and satisfaction.

Aspergillus flavus, producing carcinogenic aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁), contaminates crops and invades animals. The authors identify Bre2, a key COMPASS histone methyltransferase subunit, regulates AFB₁ biosynthesis and fungal pathogenesis, providing insight into potential A. flavus and AFB₁ control strategies.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

Zhuang, Zi et al. identify cyclin-dependent kinase 3 (CDK3) as a driver of neuron loss in Alzheimer’s disease that is associated with brain atrophy and memory decline in mice. Inhibition of CDK3 (BMX330) is shown to limit neuronal loss and improve cognition.

Psychedelics and their non-hallucinogenic analogues were compared, revealing that serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT_2AR)-mediated G_i signalling is essential for hallucinogenic effect, with the functional mechanisms underlying this providing insights for designing therapeutic drugs without hallucinogenic effects.

A new self-assembled monolayer at the buried interface of inverted perovskite solar cells improves photostability and favours energy transfer, resulting in devices with a certified power conversion efficiency of 27.19% and 1,500-h stability under the ISOS-L-2 protocol.

Dendrobium is a genus of mostly epiphytic and lithophytic orchids. Here, the authors conduct comparative genome analysis for 24 chromosome-level genome assemblies and genome skimming sequencing data for 204 species in this genus, and reveal genomic variation, biosynthesis and evolutionary adaptation in Dendrobium orchids.

Common sleep problems are linked to various health conditions, but are often underdiagnosed. This study presents a deep learning model trained on 15,785 nights of respiratory data for contactless sleep monitoring. Leveraging this model, the remote management platform enables real-time in-home sleep assessment, advancing sleep health equity.

Identifying jets originating from heavy quarks plays a fundamental role in hadronic collider experiments. In this work, the ATLAS Collaboration describes and tests a transformer-based neural network architecture for jet flavour tagging based on low-level input and physics-inspired constraints.

Hepatitis E virus is a leading cause of acute viral hepatitis and antibodies can persist for years post-infection. Here, the authors quantify the protective effects of naturally acquired immunity against subclinical and clinical hepatitis E infection using data from a placebo arm of a vaccine trial in China.

He et al. report a lanthanide-doping strategy for dual-halogen-alloyed perovskite microplates, which promotes phase segregation and facilitates ion migration in the alloyed case, while suppressing it in the phase-segregated state, resulting in dual-wavelength lasing in visible spectral region.

Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy has become the standard of care in patients with resectable locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (LA-ESCC). Here, authors present a randomised phase II trial reporting the non-inferiority of neoadjuvant camrelizumab (anti-PD-1) and chemotherapy (nab-paclitaxel and cisplatin) compared to chemoradiation (nab-paclitaxel, cisplatin, and radiotherapy in patients with resectable LA-ESCC.

Liu et al. report Chinese normative lifespan brain charts showing later neurodevelopmental milestones than those detected in Western cohorts. Individual deviations from these norms are valuable in assessing clinical risk and outcomes.

Conductive films with a coherent gradient nanolayered architecture that consists of alternating stacked silver and aluminium layers can suppress crack nucleation and propagation, leading to increased resistance to mechanical cyclic fatigue.

Here, the authors develop an integrated mass spectrometry-based strategy that allows metabolic biomarker discovery based on nanoliter-scale biofluids in seconds. Biomarkers of diabetic cataracts are detected in trace ocular fluids with high diagnostic performance revealed to have and anti-cataract activity.

The authors find that O-GalNAc transferase 2 (GALNT2) restricts viral infection, probably through the regulation of the proteolytic processing of viral glycoproteins via its O-linked glycosylation activity, impairing virus–cell fusion.

Quantum lock-in detection (QLID) is crucial for extracting oscillating signals from noise, while quantum entanglement is vital to surpass the standard of quantum limit in precision measurement. Here, the authors experimentally realise entanglement-enhanced QLID using two trapped ions, achieving frequency measurement precision at the Heisenberg limit and demonstrating an improved inverse-quadratic temporal scaling.

The mechanical reliability and scalability of flexible perovskite solar cells remain challenging. Mingzhu He et al. design β-cyclodextrin derivatives to reinforce grain boundaries, enhancing both the efficiency and stability of cells and modules.

Cytology is commonly used for cervical cancer screening or triage. Here, the authors used deep learning to develop a liquid-based cytology screening approach to detect cervical cancer in both community and hospital-based settings.

AIaided diagnosis is an exciting area of cancer research, however, large scale training is limited by the availability of imaging datasets. Here, the authors develop FreeTumor as a generative AI framework to develop realistic tumor images for clinical application.

Macrophages secrete diverse signaling proteins critical for intercellular communication and immune responses, processes tightly regulated by post-translational modifications (PTMs). Here, the authors present a PTM-based secretome profiling (PBSP) method, which allows exploring PTM roles in protein secretion, offering insights into PTMs’ regulatory functions in cell-cell communication.

Non-intrusive integration of metasurfaces with vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers enables fully arbitrary wavefront control for directional laser emission.

A three-dimensional printing method that integrates in situ laser-induced solidification with direct ink writing can be used to create stretchable electronics with stiffness gradients, flexible pressure sensors with high sensitivity and soft magnetic robots for actuation functions.

Manganese-based oxides are promising cathodes for sodium-ion batteries. Here, authors design a titanium substituted oxide cathode with an optimized structure, achieving long cycle life, good air/water stability, and validation in pouch cells, supported by theory and experiments.

Tang, Chen, Qian et al. present a multimodal, interpretable dimension reduction framework called SpaHDmap, which leverages histology images and enhances the resolution of spatial transcriptomics, thus enabling the dissection of complex tissue structures.

The electronic structure of superconducting magnesium diboride is predicted theoretically to have a distribution of energy gap values. Chenet al. observe this distribution of values experimentally, by means of high-resolution electron tunnelling spectroscopy.

Effectiveness of the hepatitis E vaccine HEV 239 amongst high-risk groups isn’t well studied. Here, Zhuang et al. analyse a decade of surveillance data (2007–2017) from Dongtai, China, and estimate HEV 239 effectiveness of 72% amongst hepatitis B virus infected people.

PRDX1 enhances lipophagy and testosterone production by regulating ATG4B. PRDX1 inactivation causes premature testicular aging and aggravates LOH syndromes. Ebselen may be applied to treat male aging-related issues.

Chiral multi-curved shell (CMCS) metamaterials achieve smooth, tuneable, yet robust load-bearing curves and enhanced energy-absorption performances over existing designs by synergistically integrating compression-torsion and buckling mechanisms

The instability of conventional lithium salts poses a challenge for next-generation batteries. Here, the authors introduce LiDFTFB, a new salt that exhibits improved stability and enables high-energy batteries to retain 81.7% capacity after 650 cycles at 50°C.

The mechanisms underlying immunerelated adverse events (irAEs) following the combination of chemoradiotherapy with immunotherapy remain to be characterized. Here, single cell multi-omics and spatial transcriptomics on locally advanced cervical cancer patients identifies distinct effects on different immune cells associated with irAEs.