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In defense of Brazil’s resolution on transgender healthcare

Nature Medicine volume 31, pages 3956–3957 (2025)Cite this article

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It is important to clarify, based on legal, scientific and bioethical principles, that the regulations adopted by the Federal Council of Medicine (Conselho Federal de Medicina) of Brazil as CFM Resolution no. 2,427/2025 do not represent a rollback in the rights of transgender individuals1. Instead, they constitute the legitimate exercise of an institutional duty: to ensure the safety, efficacy and scientific integrity of medical practices in Brazil, particularly those with a high biological impact on vulnerable populations, such as children and adolescents.

The main rationale for CFM Resolution no. 2,427/2025 is the low quality of current scientific evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of puberty blockers and cross-sex hormone therapy in adolescents with gender dysphoria. Recent independent systematic reviews, including the Cass Review2,3, indicate that the certainty of evidence is very low across all clinical outcomes evaluated (such as the impacts on gender dysphoria and mental and psychosocial health).

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References

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Brazilian Federal Medical Council, Brasilia, Brazil

    Raphael Camara Medeiros Parente, Bruno Leandro de Souza, Francisco Eduardo Cardoso Alves & Jose Hiran da Silva Gallo

  2. Rapporteur of the Resolution, Brasilia, Brazil

    Raphael Camara Medeiros Parente & Bruno Leandro de Souza

Authors
  1. Raphael Camara Medeiros Parente
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  2. Bruno Leandro de Souza
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  3. Francisco Eduardo Cardoso Alves
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  4. Jose Hiran da Silva Gallo
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Raphael Camara Medeiros Parente, Bruno Leandro de Souza, Francisco Eduardo Cardoso Alves or Jose Hiran da Silva Gallo.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Parente, R.C.M., de Souza, B.L., Cardoso Alves, F.E. et al. In defense of Brazil’s resolution on transgender healthcare. Nat Med 31, 3956–3957 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-025-03946-7

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