Extended Data Fig. 2: Plasma EVs derived from aged people inhibit osteogenesis and promote adipogenesis of BMSCs.

a, b, ARS and ORO staining images (a) and quantification of ARS+ and ORO+ areas (b) in BMSCs treated with vehicle or plasma EVs from aged or young people (A-Pla-EVs or Y-Pla-EVs) under osteogenic or adipogenic induction. Scale bar: 200 μm (ARS) or 100 μm (ORO). n = 3 per group. Data are mean ± SD. Statistics: one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc test (b).