Role of energy consumption, gross capital formation, and urbanization in determining economic growth in Spain: Evidence from non-parametric methods

Journal:

Journal of Cleaner Production

Published:

2026-01-20

DOI:

10.1016/j.jclepro.2026.147484

Affiliations:

7

Authors:

5

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Institutions	Authors	Share
Istanbul Gelişim University, Turkey	1.333333	0.27
Istanbul Esenyurt University, Turkey	1.000000	0.20
Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), China	1.000000	0.20
Howard Payne University, United States of America (USA)	1.000000	0.20
VIZJA University, Poland	0.333333	0.07
Azerbaijan State University of Economics (UNEC), Azerbaijan	0.333333	0.07

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