Geographics and bacterial networks differently shape the acquired and latent global sewage resistomes

Journal:

Nature Communications

Published:

2025-11-21

DOI:

10.1038/s41467-025-66070-7

Affiliations:

122

Authors:

156

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Institutions	Authors	Share
Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Denmark	5.000000	0.03
University of Bologna (UNIBO), Italy	3.000000	0.02
Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety Ltd. (AGES), Austria	3.000000	0.02
TU Dresden, Germany	3.000000	0.02
National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico	3.000000	0.02
University of Ibadan (UI), Nigeria	3.000000	0.02
University of Ilorin (Unilorin), Nigeria	3.000000	0.02
Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Hungary	2.000000	0.01
University of Gothenburg (GU), Sweden	2.000000	0.01
Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), Netherlands	2.000000	0.01
University of Wollongong (UOW), Australia	2.000000	0.01
Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brazil	2.000000	0.01
Laval University (UL), Canada	2.000000	0.01
University of Regina, Canada	2.000000	0.01
University of Concepción (UdeC), Chile	2.000000	0.01
Robert Koch Institute (RKI), Germany	2.000000	0.01
University for Development Studies (UDS), Ghana	2.000000	0.01
National Public Health Organization (NPHO), Greece	2.000000	0.01
University of Sulaimani (UOS), Iraq	2.000000	0.01
University of Galway, Ireland	2.000000	0.01
National Institute of Health (ISS), Italy	2.000000	0.01
AIMST University, Malaysia	2.000000	0.01
Institute of Public Health of Montenegro (IPH), Montenegro	2.000000	0.01
University of Otago, New Zealand	2.000000	0.01
National Veterinary Research Institute, Poland	2.000000	0.01
Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), South Korea	2.000000	0.01
University of Washington (UW), United States of America (USA)	2.000000	0.01
University of Exeter, United Kingdom (UK)	2.000000	0.01
University of Batna, Algeria	1.000000	0.01
Melbourne Water Corporation, Australia	1.000000	0.01
Supreme Council for Environment (SCE), Bahrain	1.000000	0.01
University of Bahrain, Bahrain	1.000000	0.01
University of Dhaka (DU), Bangladesh	1.000000	0.01
Ministry of Environment and National Beautification, Barbados, Barbados	1.000000	0.01
University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), Benin	1.000000	0.01
Bolivian Catholic University (UCB), Bolivia	1.000000	0.01
Public Health Institute of the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina	1.000000	0.01
Botswana International University of Science and Technology (BIUST), Botswana	1.000000	0.01
Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil	1.000000	0.01
Centre Pasteur du Cameroun (CPC), Institut Pasteur, Cameroon	1.000000	0.01
Research and Productivity Council (RPC), Canada	1.000000	0.01
Andres Bello University (UNAB), Chile	1.000000	0.01
Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST), China	1.000000	0.01
Corporacion Colombiana de Investigacion Agropecuaria (AGROSAVIA), Colombia	1.000000	0.01
Centre Hospitalier National El-Maarouf (CHN), Comoros	1.000000	0.01
University of Costa Rica (UCR), Costa Rica	1.000000	0.01
Andrija Stampar Teaching Institute of Public Health, Croatia	1.000000	0.01
University of Zagreb, Croatia	1.000000	0.01
Veterinary Research Institute in Brno (VRI), Czech Republic	1.000000	0.01
Institut Pasteur in Côte d'Ivoire, Côte d'Ivoire	1.000000	0.01
Universidad Técnica de Ambato (UTA), Ecuador	1.000000	0.01
Suez Canal University (SCU), Egypt	1.000000	0.01
Tampere University, Finland	1.000000	0.01
University of Helsinki, Finland	1.000000	0.01
French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea (Ifremer), France	1.000000	0.01
Food and Drugs Authority (FDA), Ghana	1.000000	0.01
Ghana Health Service (GHS), Ghana	1.000000	0.01
Ministry of Food and Agriculture (MOFA), Ghana	1.000000	0.01
Hellenic Agricultural Organization (HAO-DEMETER), Greece	1.000000	0.01
Municipality of Sermersooq, Greenland	1.000000	0.01
Peqqik, Greenland	1.000000	0.01
University of Iceland, Iceland	1.000000	0.01
Cochin University of Science and Technology (CUSAT), India	1.000000	0.01
Shahid Beheshti University (SBU), Iran	1.000000	0.01
Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (BGU), Israel	1.000000	0.01
Regione Marche, Italy	1.000000	0.01
Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e Toscana (IZSLT), Italy	1.000000	0.01
Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Italy	1.000000	0.01
Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati” (IZSUM), Italy	1.000000	0.01
Water Research Institute (IRSA), CNR, Italy	1.000000	0.01
Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment (BIOR), Latvia	1.000000	0.01
American University of Beirut (AUB), Lebanon	1.000000	0.01
Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Luxembourg	1.000000	0.01
University of Antananarivo, Madagascar	1.000000	0.01
University of Malawi, Malawi	1.000000	0.01
Environmental Health Directorate, Malta	1.000000	0.01
University of Mauritius (UOM), Mauritius	1.000000	0.01
Agriculture and Forestry University (AFU), Nepal	1.000000	0.01
Cawthron Institute, New Zealand	1.000000	0.01
New Zealand Institute for Public Health and Forensic Science (PHF Science), New Zealand	1.000000	0.01
Babcock University (BU), Nigeria	1.000000	0.01
Elizade University (EU), Nigeria	1.000000	0.01
Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security, Nigeria	1.000000	0.01
Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC), Nigeria	1.000000	0.01
University of Benin (UNIBEN), Nigeria	1.000000	0.01
University of Maiduguri (UNIMAID), Nigeria	1.000000	0.01
Northern Ireland Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs (DAERA), United Kingdom (UK)	1.000000	0.01
Vestfjordens Avløpsselskap (VEAS), Norway	1.000000	0.01
Laboratorio Central de Salud Pública, Paraguay	1.000000	0.01
Águas de Portugal (AdP), S.A., Portugal	1.000000	0.01
Catholic University of Portugal (UCP), Portugal	1.000000	0.01
Polytechnic Institute of Leiria (IPLeiria), Portugal	1.000000	0.01
Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), South Korea	1.000000	0.01
National Public Health Agency, Moldova	1.000000	0.01
King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Saudi Arabia	1.000000	0.01
Institute of Veterinary Medicine of Serbia, Serbia	1.000000	0.01
Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore	1.000000	0.01
Public Health Authority of the Slovak Republic, Slovakia	1.000000	0.01
National Laboratory of Health, Environment and Food (NLZOH), Slovenia	1.000000	0.01
University of Pretoria (UP), South Africa	1.000000	0.01
non-affiliated author contributions, South Africa	1.000000	0.01
Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Spain	1.000000	0.01
Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Spain	1.000000	0.01
Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain	1.000000	0.01
University of Valencia (UV), Spain	1.000000	0.01
Sudan University of Science and Technology (SUST), Sudan	1.000000	0.01
ARA Region Bern AG, Switzerland	1.000000	0.01
Centers for Disease Control, R.O.C. (Taiwan), Taiwan	1.000000	0.01
Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA), Tanzania	1.000000	0.01
Eastern Regional Health Authority, Trinidad and Tobago	1.000000	0.01
Mustafa Kemal University, Turkey	1.000000	0.01
Marquette University, United States of America (USA)	1.000000	0.01
Massachusetts Water Resources Authority (MWRA), United States of America (USA)	1.000000	0.01
Tufts University, United States of America (USA)	1.000000	0.01
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), United States of America (USA)	1.000000	0.01
About Abu Dhabi Public Health Center (ADPHC), United Arab Emirates	1.000000	0.01
Dubai Municipality, United Arab Emirates	1.000000	0.01
Scottish Environment Protection Agency (SEPA), United Kingdom (UK)	1.000000	0.01
University of Oxford, United Kingdom (UK)	1.000000	0.01

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