Global, regional, and national burden of chronic respiratory diseases and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, 1990–2023: a Global Burden of Disease study

Journal:
Nature Medicine
Published:
DOI:
10.1038/s41591-025-04077-9
Affiliations:
1179
Authors:
958
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Institutions Authors Share
Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Iran
19.000000
19.000000
 0.02
Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Iran
18.000000
18.000000
 0.02
Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), India
14.000000
14.000000
 0.01
University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
13.000000
13.000000
 0.01
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME), United States of America (USA)
11.166667
11.166667
 0.01
Ajman University, United Arab Emirates
10.000000
10.000000
 0.01
Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Iran
10.000000
10.000000
 0.01
All India Institute of Medical Sciences - Jodhpur (AIIMS Jodhpur), India
9.000000
 0.01
University of Lahore (UOL), Pakistan
7.000000
 0.01
Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brazil
6.500000
 0.01
University of Medical Sciences, Ondo (UNIMED), Nigeria
6.500000
 0.01
Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Qatar
6.000000
 0.01
Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia
6.000000
 0.01
Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST), Jordan
6.000000
 0.01
UW Medicine, United States of America (USA)
6.000000
 0.01
Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University (KazNMU), Kazakhstan
5.500000
 0.01
University of Health and Allied Science (UHAS), Ghana
5.000000
 0.01
University of Ibadan (UI), Nigeria
5.000000
 0.01
Central University of Punjab Bathinda (CUPB), India
5.000000
 0.01
Taipei Medical University (TMU), Taiwan
5.000000
 0.01
Mayo Clinic, United States of America (USA)
5.000000
 0.01
King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Saudi Arabia
4.500000
 0.00
The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK), China
4.500000
 0.00
University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Australia
4.500000
 0.00
The University of Sydney (USYD), Australia
4.000000
 0.00
Qatar University, Qatar
4.000000
 0.00
Cleveland Clinic, United States of America (USA)
4.000000
 0.00
Jazan University, Saudi Arabia
4.000000
 0.00
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur (AIIMS Gorakhpur), India
4.000000
 0.00
The University of Jordan, Jordan
3.500000
 0.00
University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
3.500000
 0.00
Utkal University, India
3.500000
 0.00
United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), United Arab Emirates
3.500000
 0.00
Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy (UMFCD), Romania
3.500000
 0.00
Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune (DPU), India
3.500000
 0.00
The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Japan
3.500000
 0.00
Johns Hopkins University (JHU), United States of America (USA)
3.500000
 0.00
Alexandria University, Egypt
3.000000
 0.00
Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
3.000000
 0.00
Harvard University, United States of America (USA)
3.000000
 0.00
Torrens University, Australia
3.000000
 0.00
Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), India
3.000000
 0.00
Kyung Hee University (KHU), South Korea
3.000000
 0.00
Yonsei University, South Korea
3.000000
 0.00
Nazarbayev University (NU), Kazakhstan
3.000000
 0.00
University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Australia
3.000000
 0.00
JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, India
3.000000
 0.00
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS), Iran
3.000000
 0.00
University of Nizwa, Oman
3.000000
 0.00
Amity University, India
3.000000
 0.00
I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (FMSMU), Russia
3.000000
 0.00
University of Hail (UOH), Saudi Arabia
3.000000
 0.00
University of Milan (UNIMI), Italy
3.000000
 0.00
University of Catania, Italy
3.000000
 0.00
The University of Queensland (UQ), Australia
2.833333
 0.00
Bayero University Kano (BUK), Nigeria
2.500000
 0.00
Florida International University (FIU), United States of America (USA)
2.500000
 0.00
Yarmouk University, Jordan
2.500000
 0.00
Monash University, Australia
2.500000
 0.00
Emory University, United States of America (USA)
2.500000
 0.00
Nepal Health Research Council (NHRC), Nepal
2.500000
 0.00
Cihan University, Iraq
2.500000
 0.00
University of Belgrade, Serbia
2.500000
 0.00
University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil
2.500000
 0.00
National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore
2.500000
 0.00
Korea University, South Korea
2.500000
 0.00
Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Germany
2.500000
 0.00
Case Western Reserve University (CWRU), United States of America (USA)
2.500000
 0.00
Macquarie University, Australia
2.500000
 0.00
Wuhan University (WHU), China
2.500000
 0.00
Imperial College London (ICL), United Kingdom (UK)
2.500000
 0.00
University of Colombo (UoC), Sri Lanka
2.500000
 0.00
The University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), United States of America (USA)
2.500000
 0.00
Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan (ZUJ), Jordan
2.000000
 0.00
University of Duhok (UoD), Iraq
2.000000
 0.00
University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), United States of America (USA)
2.000000
 0.00
Shaqra University, Saudi Arabia
2.000000
 0.00
Haramaya University, Ethiopia
2.000000
 0.00
Northwestern University (NU), United States of America (USA)
2.000000
 0.00
Washington University in St. Louis (WUSTL), United States of America (USA)
2.000000
 0.00
Al-Jouf University, Saudi Arabia
2.000000
 0.00
Western Sydney University, Australia
2.000000
 0.00
King Saud University (KSU), Saudi Arabia
2.000000
 0.00
Catholic University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Belgium
2.000000
 0.00
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU), China
2.000000
 0.00
Jamia Millia Islamia (JMI), India
2.000000
 0.00
La Trobe University, Australia
2.000000
 0.00
National Institute of Health (ISS), Italy
2.000000
 0.00
Faisalabad Medical University, Pakistan
2.000000
 0.00
Deakin University, Australia
2.000000
 0.00
Lumbini Medical College (LMC), Nepal
2.000000
 0.00
Jimma University, Ethiopia
2.000000
 0.00
University of Sulaimani (UOS), Iraq
2.000000
 0.00
Ahmadu Bello University (ABU), Nigeria
2.000000
 0.00
Imam Muhammad ibn Saud Islamic University, Saudi Arabia
2.000000
 0.00
Vietnam National University, Hanoi (VNU), Vietnam
2.000000
 0.00
Texas A&M University (TAMU), United States of America (USA)
2.000000
 0.00
University of Toronto (U of T), Canada
2.000000
 0.00
Catholic University of the Sacred Heart (UCSC), Italy
2.000000
 0.00
Maastricht University (UM), Netherlands
2.000000
 0.00
University Sains Malaysia (USM), Malaysia
2.000000
 0.00
Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), Saudi Arabia
2.000000
 0.00
Semnan University of Medical Sciences (SEMUMS), Iran
2.000000
 0.00
Xuzhou Medical University (XZMC), China
2.000000
 0.00
IRCCS Mario Negri Institute, Italy
2.000000
 0.00
All India Institute of Medical Sciences - Nagpur (AIIMS Nagpur), India
2.000000
 0.00
Adigrat University, Ethiopia
2.000000
 0.00
Aksum University (AKU), Ethiopia
2.000000
 0.00
Curtin University, Australia
2.000000
 0.00
University of Bologna (UNIBO), Italy
2.000000
 0.00
Ain Shams University, Egypt
2.000000
 0.00
Shahroud University of Medical Sciences (SHMU), Iran
2.000000
 0.00
University of Bergen (UIB), Norway
2.000000
 0.00
Essen University Hospital, Germany
2.000000
 0.00
China Medical University (CMU), Taiwan
2.000000
 0.00
VinUniversity, Vietnam
2.000000
 0.00
University of Exeter, United Kingdom (UK)
2.000000
 0.00
Mysore Medical College and Research Institute, India
2.000000
 0.00
The University of Melbourne (UniMelb), Australia
2.000000
 0.00
University of Gondar (UOG), Ethiopia
2.000000
 0.00
King George's Medical University (KGMU), India
2.000000
 0.00
Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences (MazUMS), Iran
2.000000
 0.00
Kosin University, South Korea
2.000000
 0.00
Panjab University (PU), India
2.000000
 0.00
Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University (PSAU), Saudi Arabia
2.000000
 0.00
QU Health, Qatar
2.000000
 0.00
IRCCS Materno Infantile Burlo Garofolo, Italy
2.000000
 0.00
Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
2.000000
 0.00
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), United States of America (USA)
2.000000
 0.00
Medical University of Warsaw (MUW), Poland
2.000000
 0.00
Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology, Bangladesh
2.000000
 0.00
Stanford University, United States of America (USA)
2.000000
 0.00
Government Medical College & Hospital, Chandigarh (GMCH Chandigarh), India
2.000000
 0.00
All India Institute of Medical Sciences - Bathinda (AIIMS Bathinda), India
2.000000
 0.00
University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
1.833333
 0.00
University of Helsinki, Finland
1.500000
 0.00
Tribhuvan University (TU), Nepal
1.500000
 0.00
Australian National University (ANU), Australia
1.500000
 0.00
Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia
1.500000
 0.00
Miami Cancer Institute, United States of America (USA)
1.500000
 0.00
King Edward Medical University (KEMU), Pakistan
1.500000
 0.00
University of Basel (UB), Switzerland
1.500000
 0.00
Alpha Genomics, Pakistan
1.500000
 0.00
Fudan University, China
1.500000
 0.00
Suez Canal University (SCU), Egypt
1.500000
 0.00
An-Najah National University, Palestinian territories
1.500000
 0.00
Indiana University (IU), United States of America (USA)
1.500000
 0.00
The University of Manchester (UoM), United Kingdom (UK)
1.500000
 0.00
Charles Sturt University (CSU), Australia
1.500000
 0.00
Ateneo de Manila University (AMU), Philippines
1.500000
 0.00
University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), United States of America (USA)
1.500000
 0.00
Usmanu Danfodiyo University (UDUSOK), Nigeria
1.500000
 0.00
NYU Langone Health, United States of America (USA)
1.500000
 0.00
James Cook University (JCU), Australia
1.500000
 0.00
The University of Hong Kong (HKU), China
1.500000
 0.00
University of Rochester (UR), United States of America (USA)
1.500000
 0.00
Curtin University Malaysia, Malaysia
1.500000
 0.00
Christian Medical College and Hospital (CMC Vellore), India
1.500000
 0.00
University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Romania
1.500000
 0.00
Sunway University, Malaysia
1.500000
 0.00
Mansoura University, Egypt
1.500000
 0.00
University of Tripoli (UT), Libya
1.500000
 0.00
Brown University, United States of America (USA)
1.500000
 0.00
University of the Western Cape (UWC), South Africa
1.500000
 0.00
University of Southern California (USC), United States of America (USA)
1.500000
 0.00
Chungnam National University (CNU), South Korea
1.500000
 0.00
McMaster University, Canada
1.500000
 0.00
Georgetown University, United States of America (USA)
1.500000
 0.00
Duy Tan University (DTU), Vietnam
1.500000
 0.00
Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences (RUMS), Iran
1.500000
 0.00
Flinders University, Australia
1.500000
 0.00
Qom University of Medical Sciences, Iran
1.500000
 0.00
Kharkiv National Medical University (KNMU), Ukraine
1.500000
 0.00
Griffith University, Australia
1.500000
 0.00
Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), China
1.500000
 0.00
University of Brunei Darussalam (UBD), Brunei
1.500000
 0.00
Heidelberg University (Uni Heidelberg), Germany
1.500000
 0.00
Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Australia
1.500000
 0.00
North Colombo Teaching Hospital, Sri Lanka
1.500000
 0.00
Gadjah Mada University (UGM), Indonesia
1.500000
 0.00
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), Greece
1.500000
 0.00
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (UOA), Greece
1.500000
 0.00
Ahvaz Jundishapour University of Medical Sciences, Iran
1.500000
 0.00
University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran
1.500000
 0.00
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS), Iran
1.500000
 0.00
Khyber Medical University (KMU), Pakistan
1.500000
 0.00
Juntendo University, Japan
1.500000
 0.00
Hodeidah University, Yemen
1.500000
 0.00
University of Washington (UW), United States of America (USA)
1.333333
 0.00
University of Oxford, United Kingdom (UK)
1.333333
 0.00
Kyung Hee University Medical Center, KHU, South Korea
1.000000
 0.00
Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), United States of America (USA)
1.000000
 0.00
Erbil Polytechnic University, Iraq
1.000000
 0.00
Memorial University of Newfoundland (MUN), Canada
1.000000
 0.00
University of Saskatchewan (U of S), Canada
1.000000
 0.00
Wollo University, Ethiopia
1.000000
 0.00
Karolinska Institute (KI), Sweden
1.000000
 0.00
Poznan University of Medical Sciences (PUMS), Poland
1.000000
 0.00
Applied Science Private University, Jordan
1.000000
 0.00
University of Tasmania (UTAS), Australia
1.000000
 0.00
Charles Darwin University (CDU), Australia
1.000000
 0.00
Edo State University Iyamho, Nigeria
1.000000
 0.00
National Chengchi University (CNCCU), Taiwan
1.000000
 0.00
MSI Nigeria Reproductive Choices, Nigeria
1.000000
 0.00
Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), United States of America (USA)
1.000000
 0.00
Queen's University, Canada
1.000000
 0.00
Lebanese American University (LAU), Lebanon
1.000000
 0.00
University of Khartoum, Sudan
1.000000
 0.00
COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Pakistan
1.000000
 0.00
University of Chittagong (CU), Bangladesh
1.000000
 0.00
East Carolina University (ECU), United States of America (USA)
1.000000
 0.00
University of Patras, Greece
1.000000
 0.00
General University Hospital of Patras, Greece
1.000000
 0.00
Al-Sham Private University, Syria
1.000000
 0.00
Murdoch University, Australia
1.000000
 0.00
Asian University for Women (AUW), Bangladesh
1.000000
 0.00
Mohammed Al Mana College for Medical Sciences, Saudi Arabia
1.000000
 0.00
University of Maiduguri (UNIMAID), Nigeria
1.000000
 0.00
University of Swat, Pakistan
1.000000
 0.00
Sultan Qaboos University (SQU), Oman
1.000000
 0.00
Federation University Australia, Australia
1.000000
 0.00
non-affiliated author contributions, Jordan
1.000000
 0.00
Sana'a University, Yemen
1.000000
 0.00
Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Saudi Arabia
1.000000
 0.00
UAE Ministry of Finance, United Arab Emirates
1.000000
 0.00
University of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
1.000000
 0.00
Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia
1.000000
 0.00
The University of Nottingham - Malaysia Campus, Malaysia
1.000000
 0.00
Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Iran
1.000000
 0.00
Al Ain University, United Arab Emirates
1.000000
 0.00
University of Johannesburg (UJ), South Africa
1.000000
 0.00
Mekelle University, Ethiopia
1.000000
 0.00
University of Leicester, United Kingdom (UK)
1.000000
 0.00
Gomal University, Pakistan
1.000000
 0.00
Management and Science University (MSU), Malaysia
1.000000
 0.00
University of Miami (UM), United States of America (USA)
1.000000
 0.00
The University of Chicago (UChicago), United States of America (USA)
1.000000
 0.00
Islamic Azad University (IAU), Iran
1.000000
 0.00
University of West Attica (UniWA), Greece
1.000000
 0.00
Catholic University of Portugal (UCP), Portugal
1.000000
 0.00
Wayne State University, United States of America (USA)
1.000000
 0.00
University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (Wits University), South Africa
1.000000
 0.00
University Ferhat Abbas of Setif (UFAS), Algeria
1.000000
 0.00
University Hospital Saadna Mohamed Abdenour, Algeria
1.000000
 0.00
German Cancer Research Center in the Helmholtz Association (DKFZ), Germany
1.000000
 0.00
University of Waterloo, Canada
1.000000
 0.00
Ankara University, Turkey
1.000000
 0.00
University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova (UMF Craiova), Romania
1.000000
 0.00
National Institute of Public Health of Mexico (INSP), Mexico
1.000000
 0.00
National University of Colombia (UNAL), Colombia
1.000000
 0.00
Animal Resources Development Department, Government of Tripura, India
1.000000
 0.00
Cardiovascular Analytics Group, Hong Kong, China
1.000000
 0.00
Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, China
1.000000
 0.00
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), United Kingdom (UK)
1.000000
 0.00
Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), United States of America (USA)
1.000000
 0.00
Cayetano Heredia University (UPCH), Peru
1.000000
 0.00
Iraq Ministry of Health (MOH), Iraq
1.000000
 0.00
Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College (JNMC), AMU, India
1.000000
 0.00
Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia, Nigeria
1.000000
 0.00
New University of Lisbon (UNL), Portugal
1.000000
 0.00
University of Turku (UTU), Finland
1.000000
 0.00
Mid Sweden University, Sweden
1.000000
 0.00
Jaume I University (UJI), Spain
1.000000
 0.00
Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), CARE, India
1.000000
 0.00
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (ISMMS), MSHS, United States of America (USA)
1.000000
 0.00
Khulna University (KU), Bangladesh
1.000000
 0.00
Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom (UK)
1.000000
 0.00
ICAR Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), India
1.000000
 0.00
National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico
1.000000
 0.00
University of Florida (UF), United States of America (USA)
1.000000
 0.00
Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine (PNT), Vietnam
1.000000
 0.00
Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam
1.000000
 0.00
non-affiliated author contributions, United States of America (USA)
1.000000
 0.00
National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Indonesia
1.000000
 0.00
Aga Khan University (AKU), Pakistan
1.000000
 0.00
City University of Hong Kong (CityU), China
1.000000
 0.00
Zagazig University, Egypt
1.000000
 0.00
The University of Texas at Dallas (UT Dallas), United States of America (USA)
1.000000
 0.00
Coventry University, United Kingdom (UK)
1.000000
 0.00
Riphah International University, Pakistan
1.000000
 0.00
non-affiliated author contributions, Maldives
1.000000
 0.00
Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Brazil
1.000000
 0.00
Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
1.000000
 0.00
University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB), Italy
1.000000
 0.00
IRCCS Italian Institute for Auxology, Italy
1.000000
 0.00
University of Nicosia, Cyprus
1.000000
 0.00
University of Padova (UNIPD), Italy
1.000000
 0.00
IRCCS Carlo Besta Neurological Institute, Italy
1.000000
 0.00
Emilia-Romagna Region, Italy
1.000000
 0.00
Institute of Health and Management, Australia
1.000000
 0.00
Indore Institute of Pharmacy, India
1.000000
 0.00
Addis Ababa University (AAU), Ethiopia
1.000000
 0.00
Ronin Institute, United States of America (USA)
1.000000
 0.00
WHO Kazakhstan, Kazakhstan
1.000000
 0.00
Howard University, United States of America (USA)
1.000000
 0.00
Indian Institute of Public Health, Gandhinagar (IIPHG), India
1.000000
 0.00
Institute for Scientific Research and High Technology Services (INDICASAT-AIP), Panama
1.000000
 0.00
Harvard Joslin Diabetes Center, United States of America (USA)
1.000000
 0.00
University of Siena (UNISI), Italy
1.000000
 0.00
Maulana Azad Medical College (MAMC), DU, India
1.000000
 0.00
Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Brazil
1.000000
 0.00
Global Virus Network Middle East Region, Iran
1.000000
 0.00
Bauman Moscow State Technical University (BMSTU), Russia
1.000000
 0.00
Universitas Airlangga Hospital (RSUA), Indonesia
1.000000
 0.00
Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Spain
1.000000
 0.00
Tropical Disease and Health Research Center (TDHRC), Bangladesh
1.000000
 0.00
University of Alberta (U of A), Canada
1.000000
 0.00
University of Wrocław (UWr), Poland
1.000000
 0.00
Shahjalal University of Science and Technology (SUST), Bangladesh
1.000000
 0.00
Shaikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Medical and Dental College (SKZMDC), Pakistan
1.000000
 0.00
Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences (BMSU), Iran
1.000000
 0.00
University of Zakho (UoZ), Iraq
1.000000
 0.00
University of Kragujevac, Serbia
1.000000
 0.00
Universitas Muhammadiyah Aceh, Indonesia
1.000000
 0.00
Brac University, Bangladesh
1.000000
 0.00
Riga Stradiņš University (RSU), Latvia
1.000000
 0.00
Oman Ministry of Health, Oman
1.000000
 0.00
Semmelweis University (SE), Hungary
1.000000
 0.00
Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, India
1.000000
 0.00
Parul University, India
1.000000
 0.00
University College Cork (UCC), Ireland
1.000000
 0.00
University of Puthisastra, Cambodia
1.000000
 0.00
Regional Medical Research Center, Bhubaneswar (RMRCBB), ICMR, India
1.000000
 0.00
University of Nairobi, Kenya
1.000000
 0.00
Iran Food and Drug Administration (FDA), MOHME, Iran
1.000000
 0.00
Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences (LUMHS), Pakistan
1.000000
 0.00
Xiamen University Malaysia (XMUM), Malaysia
1.000000
 0.00
Millennium Prevention, Inc., United States of America (USA)
1.000000
 0.00
Selale University, Ethiopia
1.000000
 0.00
Tulane University, United States of America (USA)
1.000000
 0.00
Oslo Metropolitan University (OsloMet), Norway
1.000000
 0.00
UCL, United Kingdom (UK)
1.000000
 0.00
Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (RMRI), ICMR, India
1.000000
 0.00
Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), India
1.000000
 0.00
Al-Farabi Kazakh National University (KazNU), Kazakhstan
1.000000
 0.00
University of Environment and Sustainable Development, Ghana
1.000000
 0.00
NIH National Cancer Institute (NCI), United States of America (USA)
1.000000
 0.00
University of Genova, Italy
1.000000
 0.00
University of Indonesia (UI), Indonesia
1.000000
 0.00
International Society of Doctors for the Environment (ISDE), Italy
1.000000
 0.00
Methodist Hospitals, United States of America (USA)
1.000000
 0.00
Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), South Korea
1.000000
 0.00
National Taiwan Normal University (NTNU), Taiwan
1.000000
 0.00
Yale University, United States of America (USA)
1.000000
 0.00
Peking University (PKU), China
1.000000
 0.00
University of the Americas (UDLA), Chile
1.000000
 0.00
Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Brazil
1.000000
 0.00
University of the West of England (UWE), United Kingdom (UK)
1.000000
 0.00
Uppsala University (UU), Sweden
1.000000
 0.00
Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (Cedars-Sinai), United States of America (USA)
1.000000
 0.00
National Institute of Medical Science and Nutrition Salvador Zubiran (INCMNSZ), Mexico
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University of Concepción (UdeC), Chile
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Geetanjali Medical College and Hospital, India
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Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil
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Arba Minch University (AMU), Ethiopia
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BGI-Europe, Denmark
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University of Kelaniya (UoK), Sri Lanka
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Loyola University Chicago (LUC), United States of America (USA)
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All India Institute of Medical Sciences - Mangalagiri (AIIMS Mangalagiri), India
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All India Institute of Medical Sciences - Bhopal (AIIMS Bhopal), India
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Universidad Santiago de Cali (USC), Colombia
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Suraj Eye Institute, India
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MRC Unit The Gambia (MRCG), LSHTM, Gambia
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University of Lagos (Unilag), Nigeria
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Bowen University, Nigeria
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Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), Spain
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Universidad de las Américas (UDLA), Ecuador
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National School of Public Health (ENS), Spain
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All India Institute of Medical Science, Jammu (AIIMS Jammu), India
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University of Minnesota (UMN), United States of America (USA)
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Roseman University of Health Sciences (RUHS), United States of America (USA)
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ESIC Medical College and Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (ESI-PGIMSR), India
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National University of Science and Technology (NU), Oman
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Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College, India
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Centre for Chronic Disease Control (CCDC), India
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Govt. Siddhartha Medical College, India
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Rajarata University of Sri Lanka (RUSL), Sri Lanka
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Central Queensland University (CQU), Australia
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Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Brazil
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International University of Business Agriculture and Technology (IUBAT), Bangladesh
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Patuakhali Science and Technology University (PSTU), Bangladesh
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Government of West Bengal, India
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Indian Institute of Public Health, Delhi, India
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University of Cape Coast (UCC), Ghana
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Saveh University of Medical Sciences (SAVEHUMS), Iran
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University of Gujrat (UOG), Pakistan
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Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Brazil
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Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute (BMCRI), India
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University of North Carolina at Charlotte (UNC Charlotte), United States of America (USA)
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Swami Vivekanand Subharti University (SVSU), India
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non-affiliated author contributions, Pakistan
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Yenepoya University, India
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National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID), Japan
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Galgotias University (GU), India
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All India Institute of Medical Sciences - New Delhi (AIIMS New Delhi), India
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American University of Integrative Sciences, Barbados
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Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Indonesia
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Hull York Medical School (HYMS), United Kingdom (UK)
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University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School (UMass Chan Medical School), United States of America (USA)
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Democritus University of Thrace (DUTH), Greece
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University of Gothenburg (GU), Sweden
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Islamic Azad University - Mashhad Branch (IAUM), Iran
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Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences (AIMS), India
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St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, India
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Woodruff Health Sciences Center (WHSC), Emory University, United States of America (USA)
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Kansai Medical University (KMU), Japan
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University of Pisa (UNIPI), Italy
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Tan Tao University (TTU), Vietnam
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Wake Forest University (WFU), United States of America (USA)
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University of Karachi, Pakistan
1.000000
 0.00
Pontifical Catholic University of Chile (PUC), Chile
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 0.00
European University of Madrid (UEM), Spain
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Northwest A&F University (NWAFU), China
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King's College London (KCL), United Kingdom (UK)
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Federal Institute for Population Research (BiB), Germany
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Chongqing Medical University (CQMU), China
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 0.00
Kunming University of Science and Technology (KUST), China
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The University of Osaka (UOsaka), Japan
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The George Institute - UK (TGI UK), United Kingdom (UK)
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Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), China
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King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSH&RC), Saudi Arabia
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Xi'an Jiaotong University (XJTU), China
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Wuhan University of Science and Technology (WUST), China
1.000000
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Harvard Medical School (HMS), United States of America (USA)
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 0.00
Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), China
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 0.00
Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences (HUMS), Iran
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Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, United States of America (USA)
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Thomas Jefferson University (TJU), United States of America (USA)
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Federal University Wukari, Nigeria
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University of the Sierra Sur, Mexico
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Alfaisal University, Saudi Arabia
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University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), United States of America (USA)
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American University of Antigua, Antigua and Barbuda
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Himalayan Environment and Public Health Network (HEPHN), Nepal
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Jashore University of Science and Technology (JUST), Bangladesh
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Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), India
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Abasyn University, Pakistan
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Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences (SKUMS), Iran
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Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), South Korea
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Swedish National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Sweden
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Midwestern University (MWU), United States of America (USA)
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Rumailah Hospital, HMC, Qatar
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New York Medical College (NYMC), United States of America (USA)
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Columbia University in the City of New York (CU), United States of America (USA)
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The University of Newcastle (UON), Australia
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Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), Australia
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King Hussein Cancer Center, Jordan
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International Medical University (IMU), Malaysia
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National University of Malaysia (UKM), Malaysia
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University of Malaya (UM), Malaysia
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Drexel University, United States of America (USA)
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Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare Company (JHAH), Saudi Arabia
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University of Cartagena, Colombia
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University of the Coast (CUC), Colombia
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Azal University for Human Development, Yemen
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University of Science and Technology of Fujairah (USTF), United Arab Emirates
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The University of Iowa (UI), United States of America (USA)
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Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, UI, United States of America (USA)
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All India Institute of Medical Sciences - Bhubaneswar (AIIMS Bhubaneswar), India
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 0.00
Public Health Association of Australia, Australia
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Bond University, Australia
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 0.00
Jamia Hamdard, India
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Philippines Department of Health (DOH), Philippines
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Beni-Suef University (BSU), Egypt
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Ottawa University, United States of America (USA)
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 0.00
Arizona State University (ASU), United States of America (USA)
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 0.00
Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania
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Wollega University (WU), Ethiopia
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 0.00
University Clinical Center Niš, Serbia
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King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Saudi Arabia
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The George Washington University (GW), United States of America (USA)
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University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy in St. Louis (UHSP), United States of America (USA)
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 0.00
The University of Auckland, New Zealand
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All India Institute of Medical Sciences - Rishikesh (AIIMS Rishikesh), India
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University of South Wales, United Kingdom (UK)
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North Dakota State University (NDSU), United States of America (USA)
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Mayo Clinic's Campus in Florida, United States of America (USA)
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VA Puget Sound Health Care System (VAPSHCS), United States of America (USA)
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Al-Shifa Trust Eye Hospital, Pakistan
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Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Argentine Society of Medicine, Argentina
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Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale della Romagna (AUSL Romagna), Italy
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Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies of Pisa (SSSA), Italy
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 0.00
University of Trieste (UNITS), Italy
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 0.00
Azienda sanitaria universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASU GI), Italy
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University of Mataram, Indonesia
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Australian Catholic University (ACU), Australia
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Adamas University, India
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Hallym University, South Korea
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 0.00
Health Effects Institute (HEI), United States of America (USA)
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 0.00
University of Minho (UM), Portugal
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Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (I3S Consortium), Portugal
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Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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University of Aleppo, Syria
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Hangzhou Normal University (HZNU), China
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Goethe University Frankfurt (GU), Germany
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 0.00
University of Massachusetts Amherst (UMass Amherst), United States of America (USA)
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Tanta University, Egypt
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Texila American University, Guyana
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Houston Methodist Hospital, United States of America (USA)
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Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), United States of America (USA)
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Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center (NCDRC), Iran
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Institute of Resource Governance and Social Change (IRGSC), Indonesia
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Obafemi Awolowo University (OAU), Nigeria
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 0.00
Nigerian Institute of Medical Research (NIMR), Nigeria
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Santa Maria delle Croci Hospital, Italy
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University of L'Aquila (UNIVAQ), Italy
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Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH), Nigeria
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King Khalid University (KKU), Saudi Arabia
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Government Institute of Science (GIS), India
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National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (NIRRH), ICMR, India
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Charles University (CU), Czech Republic
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Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale della Bologna (AUSL Bologna), Italy
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Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, India
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Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), India
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Eternal Heart Care Centre and Research Institute Pvt Ltd., India
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Mahatma Gandhi University of Medical Sciences Technology (MGUMST), India
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Robert Koch Institute (RKI), Germany
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Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Spain
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Tejgaon College, Bangladesh
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MedStar Health, United States of America (USA)
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Yokohama City University (YCU), Japan
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NIH National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), United States of America (USA)
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The University of British Columbia (UBC), Canada
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Centre for Advancing Health Outcomes, Canada
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Jadara University, Jordan
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National Institute of Legal Medicine Mina Minovici (NILM), Romania
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Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas (CPRIT), United States of America (USA)
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Asia University, Taiwan
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VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, United States of America (USA)
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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Nigeria (CDC Nigeria), Nigeria
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University College Hospital, UI, Nigeria
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Sharda University, India
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AIMST University, Malaysia
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Malaysian Academy of Pharmacy (MAP), Malaysia
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Paris Cité University, France
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Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Iran
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Arabian Gulf University (AGU), Bahrain
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Kingdom of Bahrain Ministry of Health, Bahrain
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Larkin Community Hospital, United States of America (USA)
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AMA School of Medicine, Philippines
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The World Academy of Sciences (TWAS), Italy
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Shaanxi University of Technology, China
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Dr. Baba Sahib Ambedkar Medical College and Hospital, India
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Banaras Hindu University (BHU), India
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Rothschild Foundation Hospital, France
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Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI), SNEC, Singapore
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Hungarian Healthcare Management Association, Hungary
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University of Ghana, Ghana
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Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc., Nigeria
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Global Smile Foundation, United States of America (USA)
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University of Oulu, Finland
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Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt
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Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University (JKKNIU), Bangladesh
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Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust (CNWL), United Kingdom (UK)
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Nepal Development Society, Nepal
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Menzies School of Health Research, Australia
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Sheffield Hallam University (SHU), United Kingdom (UK)
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Ohio University (Ohio), United States of America (USA)
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Kristiania University College, Norway
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IQVIA - Germany, Germany
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University Hospital Gießen and Marburg GmbH (UKGM), Germany
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Hellenic Parliament, Greece
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University of Peloponnese (UOP), Greece
0.500000
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Kuopio University Hospital (KUH), Finland
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University of Eastern Finland (UEF), Finland
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University of Manitoba, Canada
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University of Bristol (UoB), United Kingdom (UK)
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 0.00
Satya Wacana Christian University, Indonesia
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Turku University Hospital (TYKS), UTU, Finland
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Foundation for People-centric Health Systems (FPHS), India
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Centre for Health: The Speciality Practice, India
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Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, China
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NEVES Society, Hungary
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non-affiliated author contributions, Vietnam
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Westpfalz-Klinikum GmbH, Germany
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Iowa State University, United States of America (USA)
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Asbestos Diseases Research Institute (ADRI), Australia
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Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, United States of America (USA)
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King Salman International University, Egypt
0.500000
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University of Isfahan (UI), Iran
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Polytechnic University of Catalonia (UPC), Spain
0.500000
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Airlangga University, Indonesia
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Indonesian Public Health Association (IAKMI), Indonesia
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Medical University of Graz (Med Uni Graz), Austria
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Monash University Malaysia Campus, Malaysia
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Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust (MFT), United Kingdom (UK)
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Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Thailand
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Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine (BNITM), Germany
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University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), UHH, Germany
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Queensland Health, Australia
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Ismail Qemali University of Vlorë, Albania
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University of Crete (UOC), Greece
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HUS Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
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Comprehensive Cancer Center Finland (FICAN), Finland
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University North, Croatia
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DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis (SACEMA), South Africa
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Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation (PIRE), United States of America (USA)
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University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Italy
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Ananthapuri Hospitals and Research Institute (AHRI), India
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Ethiopian Public Health Institute (EPHI), Ethiopia
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London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), United Kingdom (UK)
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Prahlad Omkarwati Foundation, India
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non-affiliated author contributions, India
0.500000
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University of Thessaly (UTH), Greece
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Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS), Mexico
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University of Colima (UCOL), Mexico
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 0.00
Institute of Mother and Child Care in the city Multan, Pakistan
0.500000
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Seoul National University (SNU), South Korea
0.500000
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Seoul National University Bundang Hospital (SNUBH), South Korea
0.500000
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Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Norway
0.500000
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Cardio-aid, Romania
0.500000
 0.00
University of South Florida (USF), United States of America (USA)
0.500000
 0.00
Hitotsubashi University, Japan
0.500000
 0.00
National Cancer Center (NCC), Japan
0.500000
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Oxford University Clinical Research Unit (OUCRU), Vietnam
0.500000
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Keio University, Japan
0.500000
 0.00
Banten School of Health Science, Indonesia
0.500000
 0.00
Higher Education Service Institutes, Indonesia
0.500000
 0.00
University of Bucharest (UB), Romania
0.500000
 0.00
National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences (INCDSB), Romania
0.500000
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University of Jos, Nigeria
0.500000
 0.00
Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH), University of Jos, Nigeria
0.500000
 0.00
Babcock University (BU), Nigeria
0.500000
 0.00
University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy
0.500000
 0.00
Ministry of Health (MOH), Brunei
0.500000
 0.00
Ho Teaching Hospital, Ghana
0.500000
 0.00
Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz (FJD), UAM, Spain
0.500000
 0.00
University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN), South Africa
0.500000
 0.00
University of Hertfordshire (UH), United Kingdom (UK)
0.500000
 0.00
Chandigarh University, India
0.500000
 0.00
Lovely Professional University (LPU), India
0.500000
 0.00
The University of Nottingham (UoN), United Kingdom (UK)
0.500000
 0.00
University of Bern (UniBE), Switzerland
0.500000
 0.00
University of Cyprus, Cyprus
0.500000
 0.00
American College of Greece, Greece
0.500000
 0.00
University of Turin (UNITO), Italy
0.500000
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A.O.U. Citta della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Italy
0.500000
 0.00
IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi - ONLUS, Italy
0.500000
 0.00
University of Brescia (UNIBS), Italy
0.500000
 0.00
Diego Portales University (UDP), Chile
0.500000
 0.00
University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (UK)
0.500000
 0.00
The University of Arizona (Arizona), United States of America (USA)
0.500000
 0.00
University Medical Center (UMC), Nazarbayev University, Kazakhstan
0.500000
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University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), RUG, Netherlands
0.500000
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The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, China
0.500000
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The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, China
0.500000
 0.00
Hong Kong Metropolitan University, China
0.500000
 0.00
Eastern Scientific LLC, United States of America (USA)
0.500000
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Planetary Health Research Centre (PHRC), Nepal
0.500000
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University of Defence, Serbia
0.500000
 0.00
Augusta University, United States of America (USA)
0.500000
 0.00
Baylor Scott & White Health, United States of America (USA)
0.500000
 0.00
Baylor University, United States of America (USA)
0.500000
 0.00
UK Health Security Agency, United Kingdom (UK)
0.500000
 0.00
University of La Sabana (Unisabana), Colombia
0.500000
 0.00
Clínica Universidad de La Sabana, Colombia
0.500000
 0.00
Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil
0.500000
 0.00
University of Antioquia (UdeA), Colombia
0.500000
 0.00
The University of Warwick (Warwick), United Kingdom (UK)
0.500000
 0.00
Cairo University (CU), Egypt
0.500000
 0.00
Near East University (NEU), Turkey
0.500000
 0.00
International Center of Medical Sciences Research (ICMSR), Pakistan
0.500000
 0.00
Indira Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, India
0.500000
 0.00
Bournemouth University (BU), United Kingdom (UK)
0.500000
 0.00
UDYAM, India
0.500000
 0.00
Kagawa University, Japan
0.500000
 0.00
Karnataka State Akkamahadevi Women’s University, India
0.500000
 0.00
University of the Fraser Valley, Canada
0.500000
 0.00
The International School of Management (ISM), France
0.500000
 0.00
State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, BUCT, China
0.500000
 0.00
University of Groningen (RUG), Netherlands
0.500000
 0.00
Baim Institute for Clinical Research, United States of America (USA)
0.500000
 0.00
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC), United States of America (USA)
0.500000
 0.00
University for Continuing Education Krems, Austria
0.500000
 0.00
Morgan State University, United States of America (USA)
0.500000
 0.00
Dambi Dolo University, Ethiopia
0.500000
 0.00
Kathmandu Cancer Center, Nepal
0.500000
 0.00
Erasmus University Rotterdam (EUR), Netherlands
0.500000
 0.00
Polytechnic Institute of Guarda (IPG), Portugal
0.500000
 0.00
University of Beira Interior (UBI), Portugal
0.500000
 0.00
Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center (MEDVAMC), United States of America (USA)
0.500000
 0.00
Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Indonesia
0.500000
 0.00
Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology (LBIO), Austria
0.500000
 0.00
Urmia University of Medical Science (UMSU), Iran
0.500000
 0.00
Babol University of Medical Sciences, Iran
0.500000
 0.00
Biomedical Research Networking Centers (CIBER), Spain
0.500000
 0.00
LUX MED Onkologia Sp. z o.o., Poland
0.500000
 0.00
John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin (KUL), Poland
0.500000
 0.00
University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), United States of America (USA)
0.500000
 0.00
Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (SRIHER), India
0.500000
 0.00
Stellenbosch University (SU), South Africa
0.500000
 0.00
Northlands Medical Group, Namibia
0.500000
 0.00
Taking Our Best Shot, United States of America (USA)
0.500000
 0.00
Enventure, United States of America (USA)
0.500000
 0.00
Tohoku University, Japan
0.500000
 0.00
Jagiellonian University (UJ), Poland
0.500000
 0.00
Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Tariff System (AOTMiT), Poland
0.500000
 0.00
University of Massachusetts Dartmouth (UMass Dartmouth), United States of America (USA)
0.500000
 0.00
Leicestershire Partnership NHS Trust, United Kingdom (UK)
0.500000
 0.00
UKK Institute, Finland
0.500000
 0.00
Tampere University, Finland
0.500000
 0.00
Bharathiar University, India
0.500000
 0.00
University of Southampton (Soton), United Kingdom (UK)
0.500000
 0.00
The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (UK)
0.500000
 0.00
Sant'Orsola Malpighi Hospital, Italy
0.500000
 0.00
Hazara University, Pakistan
0.500000
 0.00
Medical University of Innsbruck (MUI), Austria
0.500000
 0.00
University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (UK)
0.500000
 0.00
Cancer Registry of Norway (CRN), Norway
0.500000
 0.00
Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH), Norway
0.500000
 0.00
The George Institute for Global Health (TGI), Australia
0.500000
 0.00
The University of Adelaide (Adelaide Uni), Australia
0.500000
 0.00
George Institute - Australia (TGI Australia), Australia
0.500000
 0.00
University of Toyama, Japan
0.500000
 0.00
Arkansas Department of Health, United States of America (USA)
0.500000
 0.00
PGxAI, United States of America (USA)
0.500000
 0.00
Northern Border University (NBU), Saudi Arabia
0.500000
 0.00
Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU), China
0.500000
 0.00
Sulaiman Al-Rajhi University (SRC), Saudi Arabia
0.500000
 0.00
An-Najah National University Hospital, Palestinian territories
0.500000
 0.00
Menelik II Medical and Health Science College, Ethiopia
0.333333
 0.00
EpiMetrics, Ethiopia
0.333333
 0.00
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