Atomic Layer Deposition Techniques in Catalyst Engineering

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) has emerged as a transformative approach in catalyst engineering, offering unmatched control over surface architecture at the atomic scale. By employing sequential, self-limiting surface reactions, ALD enables the growth of ultrathin films with subnanometre precision, tailoring the chemical environment of active sites. In heterogeneous catalysis, conformal ALD coatings on porous supports and nanoparticles enhance thermal stability, inhibit sintering and prevent coke formation. The technique also facilitates the design of core–shell and bimetallic structures, in which the core dictates electronic properties and the shell governs surface reactivity. Area-selective deposition allows for the isolation of single metal complexes or clusters within sieving layers, promoting selectivity and reuse. When coupled with operando analytical methods—such as small-angle X-ray scattering and X-ray absorption spectroscopy—ALD-modified catalysts reveal dynamic structural and electronic changes under reaction conditions. This integration of precise film growth and in situ characterisation is driving the development of catalysts with superior activity, longevity and selectivity for applications ranging from pollutant abatement to sustainable fuel production.

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Atomic Layer Deposition Techniques in Catalyst Engineering publication trend

The graph below shows the total number of articles in atomic layer deposition techniques in catalyst engineering across all publications each year (not limited to Nature Index journals).

Technical terms

Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD): A vapour-phase technique that deposits thin films through sequential, self-limiting surface reactions, enabling atomic-scale control over film thickness and composition.

Conformal Coating: A uniform thin film that follows the contours of a substrate, ensuring even coverage over high-surface-area or porous materials.

Area-Selective Deposition: A variant of ALD in which deposition occurs only on predefined surface regions, allowing site-specific functionalisation.

Overlayer: A thin film applied atop catalyst nanoparticles or supports to modify surface properties and enhance stability.

Supported Nanoparticles: Metal particles dispersed on a solid support to provide high active surface area and facilitate catalytic reactions.

References

1. Monitoring Structural and Electronic Changes of Supported Metal Catalysts Using Combined X‐Ray Techniques. Advanced Energy and Sustainability Research (2023).
2. Redox Properties of TiO2 Thin Films Grown on Mesoporous Silica by Atomic Layer Deposition. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters (2023).
3. Surface isolation of single metal complexes or clusters by a coating sieving layer via atomic layer deposition. Cell Reports Physical Science (2022).