Ceftazidime-Avibactam Applications in Gram-Negative Infections
Summary
Ceftazidime-avibactam is a combination of a third-generation cephalosporin and a non-β-lactam β-lactamase inhibitor, designed to target multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens. It extends the spectrum of ceftazidime by protecting it from hydrolysis by class A, C and some class D β-lactamases, thus restoring activity against carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Clinically, it has been approved for complicated urinary tract and intra-abdominal infections, hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated pneumonia, with dosage adjustments for varying renal functions. Recent evidence emphasises its pharmacokinetic robustness, safety profile and therapeutic potential against extensively drug-resistant strains, underlining its global significance in an era of rising antimicrobial resistance.
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Ceftazidime-Avibactam Applications in Gram-Negative Infections publication trend
The graph below shows the total number of articles in ceftazidime-avibactam applications in gram-negative infections across all publications each year (not limited to Nature Index journals).
Technical terms
β-lactamase inhibitor: A compound that binds to and inactivates β-lactamase enzymes, preventing the degradation of β-lactam antibiotics.
Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC): The lowest concentration of an antimicrobial that inhibits visible growth of a microorganism in vitro.
Pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD): The relationship between drug concentrations (PK) and their biological effects (PD), used to optimise dosing regimens.
Monte Carlo simulation: A statistical method that uses repeated random sampling to estimate the probability of achieving therapeutic drug exposures against target MICs.
Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM): Measurement of drug concentrations in biological fluids to guide dose adjustments and ensure efficacy and safety.
Augmented renal clearance (ARC): A state of increased renal elimination of drugs, often seen in critically ill patients, leading to lower than expected plasma concentrations.
References
- Plasma and intraperitoneal pharmacokinetics of ceftazidime/avibactam in peritoneal dialysis patients. Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2023).
- Optimal treatment of ceftazidime-avibactam and aztreonam-avibactam against bloodstream infections or lower respiratory tract infections caused by extensively drug-resistant or pan drug-resistant (XDR/PDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology (2023).
- Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Ceftazidime-Avibactam Concentrations in Carbapenem-Resistant K. pneumoniae-Infected Patients With Different Kidney Statuses. Frontiers in Pharmacology (2022).
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