Ecological Dynamics of Shrimp Fisheries in Southeastern Brazil
Summary
Southeastern Brazil supports one of the world’s most productive shrimp fisheries, centred on species such as the seabob shrimp (Xiphopenaeus kroyeri), the pink shrimps (Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis and F. paulensis) and the endemic Artemesia longinaris. These fisheries operate in a dynamic coastal environment where factors such as monsoonal rainfall, El Niño–Southern Oscillation events and seasonal upwelling shape temperature, salinity and nutrient regimes. The interplay of these drivers with variations in sediment composition and benthic habitat structure governs juvenile nursery areas, adult distribution and seasonal migrations. Intensive trawling and artisanal effort have altered population structure and size-frequency distributions, raising concerns about recruitment overfishing. Recent ecological modelling under future climate scenarios suggests spatially heterogeneous impacts on habitat suitability, emphasising the need for adaptive management. Beyond regional socioeconomic importance, these findings have wider relevance for tropical penaeid fisheries facing environmental change and competing human demands for coastal resources.
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Technical terms
Sediment texture: The relative proportions of grain sizes (sand, silt, clay) in seabed sediments influencing habitat suitability.
Canonical Correspondence Analysis: A statistical technique that relates species abundance data to environmental variables in multivariate space.
Recruitment: The addition of juvenile individuals to a population through growth and survival into the fishery or adult cohort.
Upwelling: The process by which winds and currents bring cold, nutrient-rich deep water to the surface, affecting productivity.
References
- Effect of environmental factors on the abundance of decapod crustaceans from soft bottoms off southeastern Brazil. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências (2013).
- Distribution pattern of juveniles of the pink shrimps Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis (Latreille, 1817) and F. paulensis (Pérez-Farfante, 1967) on the southeastern Brazilian coast. Nauplius (2016).
- Population biology of the commercially exploited shrimp Artemesia longinaris (Decapoda: Penaeidae) in an upwelling region in the Western Atlantic: comparisons at different latitudes. Brazilian Journal of Biology (2015).
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