Gastric Neoplasia in Canine Models
Summary
Gastric neoplasia in dogs comprises a range of malignant epithelial tumours, most commonly adenocarcinoma, characterised by aggressive growth and poor prognosis. Although infrequent overall, certain breeds exhibit pronounced predisposition, suggesting an underlying genetic susceptibility. Clinical presentation is often non-specific, with chronic vomiting, weight loss and anorexia masking the insidious development of mucosal lesions. Endoscopic biopsy remains the diagnostic gold standard, complemented by imaging modalities such as B-mode and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography to assess wall architecture and vascular perfusion. Histopathological examination, incorporating immunohistochemical markers, delineates tumour subtypes and parallels human gastric oncology, reinforcing the value of canine models in translational research. Key premalignant changes, including mucosal metaplasia and dysplasia, mirror human gastric carcinogenesis, offering insights into early intervention. Recent work has refined histological classification methods, notably the Laurén and World Health Organization criteria, to improve prognostication and guide therapeutic decisions. Understanding breed-linked incidence, molecular pathways and imaging signatures of canine gastric neoplasia not only enhances veterinary care but also contributes to comparative oncology, with implications for human clinical practice and drug development.
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Gastric Neoplasia in Canine Models publication trend
The graph below shows the total number of articles in gastric neoplasia in canine models across all publications each year (not limited to Nature Index journals).
Technical terms
Adenocarcinoma: A malignant epithelial tumour arising from glandular tissue in the stomach lining.
Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS): A sonographic technique using microbubble agents to visualise vascular perfusion within tissues.
Immunohistochemistry: A laboratory method that uses antibodies to detect specific protein expression in tissue sections, aiding tumour characterisation.
Mucosal metaplasia: The transformation of normal gastric epithelium into an alternate cell type, often preceding dysplasia.
Dysplasia: A premalignant change in tissue marked by abnormal cellular morphology and organisation.
Laurén classification: A histological system dividing gastric carcinomas into diffuse and intestinal types to predict prognosis.
References
- Canine breeds associated with gastric carcinoma, metaplasia and dysplasia diagnosed by histopathology of endoscopic biopsy samples. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica (2018).
- B-Mode and Contrast Enhanced Ultrasonography Features of Gastric Inflammatory and Neoplastic Diseases in Dogs. Animals (2021).
- Canine Gastric Carcinomas: A Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Study and Similarities with the Human Counterpart. Animals (2021).
- Gastric mucosal pathology in Belgian Shepherd dogs with and without clinical signs of gastric disease. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica (2021).
- The Histopathological Characteristic of Gastric Carcinoma in the Belgian Tervueren and Groenendael Dog: A Comparison of Two Classification Methods. Animals (2023).
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