Geomechanical Analysis in Underground Mining Systems
Summary
Geomechanical analysis underpins the safe and efficient extraction of mineral resources from underground environments. It encompasses the characterisation of rock mass properties, the assessment of in situ stress fields and the prediction of deformation and failure mechanisms around excavations. Central elements include numerical modelling of the stress–strain response, monitoring of ground movement, and the design of support systems to control roof falls, spalling and subsidence. Modern practice integrates three-dimensional finite element and discrete element simulations with real-time instrumentation—such as extensometers, convergence meters and microseismic arrays—to calibrate models and refine support layouts. Geomechanical insights guide the choice of mining method, the sequence of extraction, and the use of backfill materials to maintain stability and limit environmental impact. Practical applications extend from thin-seam coal operations to steeply dipping orebodies, addressing challenges of water inflow, gas release and high horizontal stresses. A multi-disciplinary approach that combines geology, rock mechanics and hydro-mechanical modelling enables operators to anticipate hazardous conditions, optimise production rates and minimise surface subsidence. Globally, advances in geomechanical analysis support sustainable exploitation of deep and structurally complex deposits, contributing to improved safety records and reduced ecological footprints in underground mining.
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Geomechanical Analysis in Underground Mining Systems publication trend
The graph below shows the total number of articles in geomechanical analysis in underground mining systems across all publications each year (not limited to Nature Index journals).
Technical terms
Rock mass: The composite of intact rock and its discontinuities that governs ground behaviour.
Stress–strain state: The distribution of internal forces and resulting deformations within the rock mass.
Finite element method: A numerical technique dividing a domain into discrete elements to approximate geomechanical responses.
Backfill: Engineered placement of waste material into voids to provide support and limit subsidence.
Longwall mining: A high-productivity method where a mechanised shearer advances along a coal face under powered supports.
Hydrodynamic model: Simulation of groundwater flow and pressure changes within a porous or fractured medium.
References
- Research into Impact of Leaving Waste Rocks in the Mined-Out Space on the Geomechanical State of the Rock Mass Surrounding the Longwall Face. Energies (2022).
- Solutions to prevent face spall and roof falling in fully mechanized longwall at underground mines, Vietnam. Mining of Mineral Deposits (2022).
- Forecasting Underground Water Dynamics within the Technogenic Environment of a Mine Field. Case Study. Sustainability (2021).
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