Gonadotropin Regulation in Fertility Treatments
Summary
Gonadotropins, principally follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), orchestrate the menstrual cycle by modulating follicular development, steroidogenesis and ovulation. In assisted reproduction, exogenous gonadotropin regimens aim to optimise follicular cohort size and oocyte yield whilst minimising risks such as ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Advances in molecular endocrinology have elucidated receptor dynamics, intra-follicular signalling and feedback circuits involving oestradiol and inhibins. Individualised protocols now incorporate biomarkers of ovarian reserve, such as anti-Müllerian hormone, to tailor dosing and improve live-birth rates. Emerging evidence emphasises the interplay between central regulators in the hypothalamic–pituitary axis and local ovarian factors, underscoring the need for precision in hormonal stimulation to enhance efficacy and safety across diverse patient populations.
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Gonadotropin Regulation in Fertility Treatments publication trend
The graph below shows the total number of articles in gonadotropin regulation in fertility treatments across all publications each year (not limited to Nature Index journals).
Technical terms
Gonadotropins: Pituitary hormones (FSH and LH) that stimulate ovarian follicle growth and ovulation.
Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH): A marker produced by granulosa cells reflecting ovarian reserve and follicular pool size.
Follicular fluid: The microenvironmental fluid within ovarian follicles containing hormones and growth factors influencing oocyte maturity.
Central hypogonadism: A condition of low peripheral sex steroids due to deficient hypothalamic or pituitary regulation of gonadotropin release.
Basal hormone level: The concentration of a hormone measured at a standardized point in the menstrual cycle, typically early follicular phase.
References
- Serum fertility profile in infertile women in Calabar. International Journal of Science and Research Archive (2024).
- Basal level of luteinizing hormone as a key marker of the idiopathic central hypogonadism in women. Almanac of Clinical Medicine (2020).
- Anti-Müllerian hormone and progesterone levels in human follicular fluid are predictors of embryonic development. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology (2019).
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