Infectious Salmon Anemia Virus Dynamics in Aquaculture
Summary
Infectious Salmon Anemia Virus (ISAV) is an enveloped, segmented RNA virus belonging to the family Orthomyxoviridae and constitutes one of the most consequential viral threats to farmed Atlantic salmon. The virus infects mucosal surfaces of the gills, skin and gastrointestinal tract, before disseminating via the circulatory system to endothelial cells throughout the body. Disease dynamics in aquaculture are shaped by viral entry and receptor interactions, host immune responses, environmental factors such as water temperature and salinity, and management practices including fallowing and biosecurity measures. High-density farming and global trade have facilitated the emergence of novel ISAV strains through segment reassortment and point mutations, leading to outbreaks of varying severity. Control strategies encompass genetic selection for resistant stocks, vaccination, real-time molecular surveillance and improved husbandry. Understanding the interplay between viral fitness, host susceptibility and farm management is crucial for predicting epizootics and minimising the economic and welfare impacts of infectious salmon anaemia.
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Infectious Salmon Anemia Virus Dynamics in Aquaculture publication trend
The graph below shows the total number of articles in infectious salmon anemia virus dynamics in aquaculture across all publications each year (not limited to Nature Index journals).
Technical terms
Orthomyxoviridae: A family of segmented, negative-sense RNA viruses that includes ISAV and influenza viruses.
Haemagglutinin esterase: A bifunctional viral glycoprotein that binds to and enzymatically removes sialic acid receptors on host cells.
Receptor-destroying enzyme (RDE): An enzymatic activity that cleaves viral receptors to modulate attachment and release of new virions.
Segment reassortment: The exchange of entire RNA genome segments between co-infecting viral strains, generating novel genotypes.
Multiplicity of infection (MOI): The ratio of infectious virus particles to target host cells used in an experimental infection.
References
- The infectious salmon anemia virus esterase prunes erythrocyte surfaces in infected Atlantic salmon and exposes terminal sialic acids to lectin recognition. Frontiers in Immunology (2023).
- Establishment of an In Vitro Model to Study Viral Infections of the Fish Intestinal Epithelium. Cells (2023).
- Development and application of a whole genome amplicon sequencing method for infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV). Frontiers in Microbiology (2024).
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