Invasion Dynamics of Tree Species in Forest Ecosystems

Invasion dynamics of tree species in forest ecosystems encompass the processes by which non-native trees are introduced, establish viable populations and spread to reshape native communities and ecosystem functioning. Initial introductions occur through forestry, horticulture, accidental seed dispersal and deliberate planting. Establishment success is driven by propagule pressure, site invasibility governed by resource availability and disturbance regimes, and the capacity of native biotic resistance to impede newcomers. Spread is facilitated by traits such as prolific seed production, efficient dispersal mechanisms and phenotypic plasticity, often magnified by climate change and landscape fragmentation. Invaders can alter nutrient cycling, hydrological regimes and disturbance patterns, leading to biodiversity loss and modified ecosystem services. Management strategies span prevention, early detection via remote sensing, targeted control through mechanical, chemical or biological means, and restoration of native species assemblages. Integrating trait-based risk assessment with predictive modelling under future climate scenarios and stakeholder-driven guidelines offers a framework for balancing forestry production and conservation aims across temperate, tropical and riparian forests worldwide.

Research from Nature Portfolio

Recent studies have demonstrated how targeted herbicide treatments alter reproductive traits of invasive cherry laurels. Long-term exposure to specific chemicals changes pollen morphology, reducing viability through modifications in wall thickness and shape. These insights open novel avenues for controlling invasive trees by disrupting reproductive success and limiting further spread.

Invasion Dynamics of Tree Species in Forest Ecosystems publication trend

The graph below shows the total number of articles in invasion dynamics of tree species in forest ecosystems across all publications each year (not limited to Nature Index journals).

Technical terms

Propagule pressure: The quantity and frequency of organisms introduced to a site.

Site invasibility: The susceptibility of an ecosystem to establishment by non-native species.

Phenotypic plasticity: The ability of an organism to alter traits in response to environmental conditions.

Biotic resistance: The capacity of a native community to limit invader establishment through competition or predation.

Remote sensing: Use of aerial or satellite instruments to detect and monitor species distributions.

Ecosystem services: Benefits provided by ecosystems, including water purification, carbon sequestration and habitat provisioning.

References

1. The effect of herbicides on morphological features of pollen grains in Prunus serotina Ehrh. in the context of elimination of this invasive species from European forests. Scientific Reports (2023).
2. The Detection of Tree of Heaven (Ailanthus altissima) Using Drones and Optical Sensors: Implications for the Management of Invasive Plants and Insects. Drones (2023).
3. Invasive neophytes alter ecological functions and services of riparian hardwood forests. Ecological Indicators (2024).
4. Drivers of invasive tree and shrub natural regeneration in temperate forests. Biological Invasions (2018).