Luteinizing Hormone Dynamics in Assisted Reproductive Technology
Summary
Luteinizing hormone (LH) is a key regulator of follicular maturation, oocyte release and corpus luteum function, operating within the hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian axis. In assisted reproductive technology (ART), controlled ovarian stimulation protocols manipulate endogenous LH levels through gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogues and exogenous gonadotrophins to optimise oocyte yield and endometrial receptivity. Suppression of LH via GnRH agonists or antagonists prevents premature ovulation, yet excessive suppression may impair steroid production and oocyte competence. Conversely, LH supplementation alongside follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) can enhance androgen synthesis in granulosa cells, modulate intrafollicular signalling and influence embryo quality. The timing and magnitude of LH exposure—whether endogenous or administered in recombinant form—have been linked to variations in oocyte maturation, implantation rates and live birth outcomes. Identifying LH thresholds for trigger day and tailoring stimulation regimens to individual ovarian reserve have become central to improving ART success and reducing cycle cancellation.
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Luteinizing Hormone Dynamics in Assisted Reproductive Technology publication trend
The graph below shows the total number of articles in luteinizing hormone dynamics in assisted reproductive technology across all publications each year (not limited to Nature Index journals).
Technical terms
Luteinizing Hormone (LH): pituitary gonadotrophin that induces ovulation and supports luteal steroidogenesis.
Controlled Ovarian Stimulation (COS): use of exogenous gonadotrophins to recruit multiple follicles in ART cycles.
Gonadotrophin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Antagonist: agent that rapidly inhibits endogenous LH surge during COS.
hCG Trigger: administration of human chorionic gonadotropin or GnRH agonist to finalise oocyte maturation before retrieval.
Endometrial Thickness (EMT): ultrasound measurement of uterine lining predictive of implantation potential.
References
- The role of LH in follicle development: from physiology to new clinical implications. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology (2025).
- Recombinant human luteinizing hormone increases endometrial thickness in women undergoing assisted fertility treatments: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Pharmacology (2024).
- Association between serum LH levels on hCG trigger day and live birth rate after fresh embryo transfer with GnRH antagonist regimen in different populations. Frontiers in Endocrinology (2023).
- LH level on ovulation trigger day has a different impact on the outcomes of agonist and antagonist regimens during in vitro fertilization. Journal of Ovarian Research (2023).
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