Nanotechnology in Cement-Based Materials
Summary
Nanotechnology has emerged as a transformative approach in cement-based materials, enhancing mechanical performance, durability and sustainability. Incorporating nanoscale additives such as nano-silica, nano-alumina and carbon-based nanostructures modifies hydration kinetics and microstructure through nucleation and filling effects. These particles accelerate the formation of calcium-silicate-hydrate gel, refine pore networks and strengthen the interfacial transition zone, resulting in higher compressive, tensile and flexural strength at early and later ages. Moreover, nanomaterials can impart multifunctional properties—ranging from self-cleaning and self-sensing abilities to improved resistance against chemical attack, freeze–thaw cycles and chloride ingress. The controlled dispersion of nanomaterials addresses challenges of agglomeration and workability, supported by advanced characterisation techniques at the nanoscale. By reducing cement consumption through partial replacement or additive strategies, nanotechnology also offers pathways to lower carbon footprints and promote the development of high-performance and ultra-durable concrete for modern infrastructure.
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Nanotechnology in Cement-Based Materials publication trend
The graph below shows the total number of articles in nanotechnology in cement-based materials across all publications each year (not limited to Nature Index journals).
Technical terms
Nano-silica: Amorphous silica particles typically 5–100 nm in size, used to accelerate hydration and refine pore structure.
Pozzolanic reactivity: The ability of silica-rich materials to react with calcium hydroxide to form additional C–S–H gel.
Interfacial transition zone: The region between aggregate and cement paste, often the weakest link in concrete microstructure.
Carbon nanotubes: Cylindrical carbon nanostructures with high tensile strength and electrical conductivity for reinforcement and sensing.
Ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC): A class of cementitious material characterised by very high strength, durability and often low water-to-binder ratio.
References
- Effect of Nano-SiO2 on the Hydration and Microstructure of Portland Cement. Nanomaterials (2016).
- Reduction of cement consumption by the aid of silica nano-particles (investigation on concrete properties). Journal of Civil Engineering and Management (2012).
- Nanotechnology in Cement-Based Materials: A Review of Durability, Modeling, and Advanced Characterization. Nanomaterials (2019).
- Recent Progress in Nanomaterials for Modern Concrete Infrastructure: Advantages and Challenges. Materials (2019).
- Application of nanomaterials in ultra-high performance concrete: A review. Nanotechnology Reviews (2020).
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