Orthodontic and Periodontal Interrelationship in Dental Treatment

The close interaction between orthodontic mechanics and periodontal health is pivotal to successful dental rehabilitation. Orthodontic forces induce alveolar bone remodelling and gingival tissue adaptation, while the condition of the periodontium sets the biological limits for safe tooth movement. In patients with periodontal breakdown, careful calibration of force magnitude and timing, coupled with pre-emptive periodontal therapy, is essential to prevent attachment loss and bone resorption. Emerging biomolecular markers and regenerative techniques facilitate targeted interventions, enabling alignment and functional restoration without compromising tissue integrity. Interdisciplinary collaboration ensures comprehensive diagnosis, staged treatment planning and long-term maintenance, resulting in improved occlusion, aesthetics and quality of life across diverse patient populations.

Research from Nature Portfolio

An integrative transcriptomic study of ligature-induced periodontitis in a murine model has uncovered a pivotal role for innate immune alarmins in driving rapid alveolar bone loss. High-throughput RNA sequencing identified significant upregulation of S100A8 and S100A9 at the onset of periodontal destruction. Functional assays demonstrated that these molecules regulate expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and osteolytic enzymes, elucidating mechanisms of burst resorption. This foundational work offers molecular targets for modulating inflammation and preserving periodontal structures during adjunctive orthodontic treatment.

Orthodontic and Periodontal Interrelationship in Dental Treatment publication trend

The graph below shows the total number of articles in orthodontic and periodontal interrelationship in dental treatment across all publications each year (not limited to Nature Index journals).

Technical terms

Periodontium: The collective supporting structures of a tooth, including gingiva, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone.

Orthodontic tooth movement: The controlled application of mechanical forces to reposition teeth through alveolar bone remodelling.

Clinical attachment level: A measure of the position of the periodontal ligament attachment on the tooth root relative to a fixed reference point.

RANKL/OPG ratio: The balance between receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand and osteoprotegerin, indicating the net potential for bone resorption.

Regenerative periodontal surgery: Surgical techniques employing biomaterials or grafts to restore lost periodontal tissues and bone architecture.

Pathologic tooth migration: Displacement of teeth resulting from loss of periodontal support and altered occlusal forces.

References

1. Levels of Pro-Inflammatory and Bone-Resorptive Mediators in Periodontally Compromised Patients under Orthodontic Treatment Involving Intermittent Forces of Low Intensities. International Journal of Molecular Sciences (2023).
2. Synergy of Regenerative Periodontal Surgery and Orthodontics Improves Quality of Life of Patients with Stage IV Periodontitis: 24-Month Outcomes of a Multicenter RCT. Bioengineering (2023).
3. RNA sequencing for ligature induced periodontitis in mice revealed important role of S100A8 and S100A9 for periodontal destruction. Scientific Reports (2019).
4. Orthodontic treatment in periodontally compromised patients: a systematic review. Clinical Oral Investigations (2022).