Oxidative Stress and Advanced Oxidation Protein Products in Kidney Disease
Summary
Oxidative stress arises when the generation of reactive oxygen species overwhelms the body’s antioxidant defences, resulting in damage to lipids, nucleic acids and proteins. In kidney disease, the renal parenchyma is particularly vulnerable to oxidative insults, which contribute to inflammation, fibrosis and progressive loss of function. Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) are dityrosine-containing protein derivatives formed during oxidative stress and serve both as markers and mediators of tissue injury. Elevated AOPP levels have been detected across the spectrum of renal disorders, from acute ischaemia-reperfusion injury to chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal failure. By promoting pro-inflammatory signalling, endothelial dysfunction and fibrotic pathways, AOPPs exacerbate glomerular and tubular damage. Measurement of AOPPs in serum or plasma offers a window into the redox state of the kidney and may inform prognosis and guide antioxidant therapeutic strategies. Research continues to elucidate the mechanistic links between AOPP accumulation, cellular stress responses and the progression of renal impairment, with a view to translating these insights into clinical practice.
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Oxidative Stress and Advanced Oxidation Protein Products in Kidney Disease publication trend
The graph below shows the total number of articles in oxidative stress and advanced oxidation protein products in kidney disease across all publications each year (not limited to Nature Index journals).
Technical terms
Oxidative stress: An imbalance between reactive oxygen species production and antioxidant defence mechanisms.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS): Chemically reactive molecules containing oxygen that can damage cellular components.
Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs): Dityrosine-containing protein derivatives formed during oxidative stress, acting as both biomarkers and mediators of tissue injury.
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR): The volume of fluid filtered by the renal glomeruli per unit time, indicative of kidney function.
Ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI): Tissue damage occurring when blood supply returns to an organ after a period of ischaemia, triggering oxidative and inflammatory cascades.
References
- Mitigative role of cysteamine against unilateral renal reperfusion injury in Wistar rats. Frontiers in Pharmacology (2024).
- Advanced Oxidative Protein Products Had a Diagnostic Accuracy for Identifying Chronic Kidney Disease in Adult Population. Metabolites (2024).
- Association between serum advanced oxidation protein products and mortality risk in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Journal of Translational Medicine (2021).
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