Proteomic Analysis of Gingival Crevicular Fluid in Periodontal Diseases
Summary
Periodontal diseases are chronic inflammatory conditions of the tooth-supporting tissues, often initiated by microbial biofilms. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) is an exudate that reflects the local tissue environment and is rich in proteins derived from host cells, bacteria and serum. Advances in proteomic technologies, particularly mass spectrometry, have enabled comprehensive profiling of the GCF proteome, revealing distinct molecular signatures associated with health, gingivitis and periodontitis. Quantitative approaches have uncovered panels of up- and down-regulated proteins involved in immune modulation, tissue degradation, oxidative stress and cell death pathways. This knowledge has stimulated the discovery of candidate biomarkers for early diagnosis, monitoring of disease progression and evaluation of therapeutic responses. The global significance of this research lies in its potential to offer non-invasive, point-of-care diagnostics and to illuminate the complex pathophysiology of periodontal destruction.
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Proteomic Analysis of Gingival Crevicular Fluid in Periodontal Diseases publication trend
The graph below shows the total number of articles in proteomic analysis of gingival crevicular fluid in periodontal diseases across all publications each year (not limited to Nature Index journals).
Technical terms
Proteomics: The large-scale study of the complete set of proteins expressed in a biological sample, including their quantities, structures and interactions, typically using mass spectrometry.
Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF): A serum-derived fluid found in the gingival sulcus that contains proteins, cells and microbial products reflective of periodontal health and disease.
Mass spectrometry: An analytical technique that identifies and quantifies molecules by measuring their mass-to-charge ratio, widely used in proteomic analyses.
Ferroptosis: A regulated form of cell death dependent on iron and characterised by lipid peroxidation, implicated in inflammatory and degenerative conditions.
Biomarker: A measurable molecular indicator of a biological or pathological process, useful for diagnosis, prognosis or monitoring therapeutic responses.
References
- A multi-platform analysis of human gingival crevicular fluid reveals ferroptosis as a relevant regulated cell death mechanism during the clinical progression of periodontitis. International Journal of Oral Science (2024).
- Proteomic Comparison between Periodontal Pocket Tissue and Other Oral Samples in Severe Periodontitis: The Meeting of Prospective Biomarkers. Sci (2024).
- The Effect of a Nature-Based Gel on Gingival Inflammation and the Proteomic Profile of Crevicular Fluid: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Gels (2024).
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