Reproductive Hormones and Ovarian Dynamics in Equine Systems
Summary
Reproduction in equids is governed by a finely tuned interplay of hypothalamic, pituitary and ovarian factors. Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone from the hypothalamus triggers secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinising hormone, which orchestrate follicular development, oestradiol synthesis and ovulation. Following release of the oocyte, the remnant follicular tissue differentiates into the corpus luteum, producing progesterone to sustain early pregnancy or regulate interoestrous intervals. Seasonal variations in daylight length influence melatonin secretion and thereby the annual rhythm of the oestrous cycle in mares and related species. Ultrasonography, including Doppler imaging of follicular and luteal blood flow, has advanced our understanding of vascular dynamics associated with steroidogenesis. In addition, exogenous agents such as prostaglandin F₂α and human chorionic gonadotrophin are widely employed to synchronise luteolysis and induce ovulation, with direct applications in embryo transfer and breeding programmes. A comprehensive understanding of these mechanisms underpins both fundamental research and applied management of equine fertility worldwide.
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Reproductive Hormones and Ovarian Dynamics in Equine Systems publication trend
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Technical terms
Corpus luteum: A temporary endocrine structure formed from the ovulated follicle that secretes progesterone.
Follicular wave: A cohort of developing ovarian follicles that emerges, one of which becomes dominant and may ovulate.
Doppler ultrasound: An imaging technique that quantifies blood flow within ovarian or luteal tissue.
Luteolysis: The regression of the corpus luteum, often induced by prostaglandin F₂α to permit a new cycle.
Ovulation induction: The use of hormonal agents to trigger release of a mature oocyte from the ovarian follicle.
Oestrous cycle: The recurring reproductive cycle in female equids, encompassing follicular growth, ovulation and luteal phases.
References
- Endocrine and Electrolyte Balances during Periovulatory Period in Cycling Mares. Animals (2021).
- Assessment of Age Effects on Ovarian Hemodynamics Using Doppler Ultrasound and Progesterone Concentrations in Cycling Spanish Purebred Mares. Animals (2021).
- The ovarian and uterine responses of Baixadeiro mares to prostaglandin synchronization during the dry and rainy seasons. Animal Reproduction (2022).
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