Urethral Diverticulum Management in Female Patients
Summary
Urethral diverticulum in women is characterised by a sac‐like protrusion of the urethral mucosa into surrounding connective tissue, often presenting with non-specific lower urinary tract symptoms, recurrent urinary tract infections, dyspareunia or post-void dribbling. Although the true prevalence is uncertain, improved awareness and advanced imaging have led to more frequent diagnosis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) remains the gold standard for anatomical delineation, while pelvic floor ultrasound has emerged as a complementary tool. Management typically centres on surgical excision and reconstruction via a transvaginal approach, adhering to principles of complete diverticulum removal, watertight multilayer closure and continence preservation. Outcomes are generally favourable, but surgical complications such as urethrovaginal fistula, incontinence or stricture formation may occur. Recent developments emphasise minimally invasive techniques, enhanced radiographic planning and tailored postoperative care, underscoring the importance of a multidisciplinary team to optimise functional and quality-of-life outcomes globally.
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Urethral Diverticulum Management in Female Patients publication trend
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Technical terms
Urethral diverticulum: an outpouching of the urethral lumen into periurethral tissues, which may cause pain, infection or incontinence.
Transvaginal urethral diverticulectomy: surgical removal of a urethral diverticulum via the vaginal route, requiring meticulous reconstruction to maintain continence.
2D transperineal ultrasound: sonographic imaging performed through the perineum to visualise suburethral and perineal structures in real time.
3D endovaginal ultrasound: volumetric ultrasound using a vaginal probe to map the size, extent and urethral connection of periurethral lesions.
References
- Urethral diverticulum: A systematic review. Arab Journal of Urology (2019).
- Transperineal and endovaginal ultrasound for evaluating suburethral masses: comparison with magnetic resonance imaging. Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology (2021).
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