Volume 21 Issue 1, January 2026

We present a protocol for the design, fabrication and use of a microfluidic probe for nanospray desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (nano-DESI MSI) that achieves a spatial resolution of 8–10 µm and 10-fold improvement in experimental throughput.

This Protocol covers the directed self-assembly of mesoporous TiO₂ materials into tuneable configurations with atomic, nanoscopic and mesoscopic precision achieved in solution.

The clinical-grade synthesis of lutetium-177-labeled radiopharmaceuticals can be adapted for the scalable production of batches of diagnostic and therapeutic probes for clinical use.

NMR is a powerful technique to study protein dynamics. Addition of colloidal nanoparticles, as described in this protocol, reduces the mean protein tumbling rate, making it possible to detect internal dynamics on the nano-to-microsecond timescale.

The combination of expansion microscopy with enhanced super-resolution radial fluctuations analysis enhances the image resolution of a conventional microscope to 25 nm in clinical and experimental samples.

This Q-PHAST (Quantitative PHenotyping and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing) protocol provides a unique solution for cost-effective, large-scale phenotyping in a standard microbiology laboratory using affordable materials and open-source software.

This Protocol outlines the steps for high-throughput single microorganism isolation and microfluidic droplet-based encapsulation and barcoding to obtain single cell transcriptomes from both cultured and complex microbial community samples.

This protocol is for the design of hybridization chain reaction-based DNA nanoframeworks with programmable sequences and customizable functions for sensing and therapeutic applications.

A closed-loop injectable bioelectronic patch, coupled to a robotic exoskeleton, forms a tissue prosthesis that maintains motor function in damaged muscle and enables early rehabilitation in rats.

A protocol describing the fabrication of seven single-component noble metal aerogels and over ten multicomponent noble metal aerogels, their characterizations and their electrocatalytic applications.

The protocol includes the design of microstructures with contractile properties and tunable structural features, which can be assembled into architectures with reversible bending and folding properties for biosensors and bioassays.

Nonsurgical, optically transparent windows noninvasively enable the visualization of cerebral hemodynamics, gut structure and motility and sarcomere structures in mice in vivo.

This protocol describes a general approach to prepare sub-nanostructures with diverse shapes (nanowire, nanosheet, nanobelt, nanotube or clusterphene) and properties (gelation or catalysis) by controlled assembly of polyoxometalate clusters.

This Protocol details the synthesis of vertical graphene nanosheets using thermal chemical vapor deposition and grown on common substrates such as carbon nanofibers, carbon fibers and Si particles.