Volume 21 Issue 5, May 2026

This Protocol Extension describes directional conjugation of monoclonal antibodies to nanoparticles via the Fc antibody moiety using metal-free click chemistry, including procedures for synthesis, quality control and evaluation of nanoparticle–antibody conjugates.

This Protocol Extension is an adapted version of the authors’ previous INFOGEST static digestion model (INFOGEST 2.0), with an added workflow for the quantification of total protein digestibility, individual amino acid digestibility and digestible indispensable amino acid score.

Here, the authors provide a platform for inducible CRISPR–Cas9 screening to interrogate non-proliferative cellular states.

This Protocol provides detailed instructions for performing NAP-seq, an RNA sequencing technique for profiling full-length sequences of noncapped RNAs with various terminal modifications at single-nucleotide resolution.

Optoelectronic devices based on two-dimensional layered thin film semiconductors can be tuned to directly sense and process spatial and temporal information, making them suitable to use as in-sensor computing devices.

Upconversion particle-based holographic fluorescence optical tweezers enable super-resolved photonic force microscopy and applications on long-range subfemtonewton force sensing, intracellular viscosity measurements and temperature sensing.

FuzDrop predicts the condensation propensity of proteins on the basis of their amino acid sequences. This protocol describes the underlying theory and how to use the results to understand liquid-liquid phase separation and amyloid aggregate formation.

BreakTag is a scalable next-generation sequencing-based method for the unbiased characterization of programmable nucleases and guide RNAs that allows off-target and nuclease activity assessment, as well as the characterization of scission profiles.

Reproducible characterization of materials designed for radiative cooling is important for their development and application. The protocol describes how to acquire optical data and how to build and use outdoor and indoor thermal testing platforms.

This Protocol describes preprocessing of different environmental samples and extraction of microplastics and nanoplastics, as well as qualitative and quantitative characterization of microplastics and nanoplastics. The analytical technologies used for characterization include attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, laser direct infrared spectroscopy and optical photothermal infrared microspectroscopy.

The authors present a protocol for the use of two advanced DNA-based tension probes, the reversible shearing DNA-based tension probe (RSDTP) and ForceChrono probe, which provide powerful tools for studying mechanotransduction in living cells.

GPSeq is a genome-wide method for probing the radial organization of the genome in cells or nuclei by progressive in situ digestion of chromatin with a restriction enzyme diffusing inward from the periphery followed by high-throughput sequencing.

A strategy for isolating Escherichia coli ribosome–nascent chain complexes and analyzing their conformational dynamics and interactors at peptide level using hydrogen–deuterium exchange mass spectrometry is presented.

Deformable poly-acrylamide co-acrylic acid microparticles (DAAM-particles) are tunable hydrogel microparticles for quantifying cellular forces. This comprehensive protocol details their synthesis, functionalization and applications.

This protocol describes the synthesis of macrocyclic macroPROTAC1 and trivalent PROTAC SIM1, detailing the generation of the macrocyclic and trivalent cores and their conjugation to the respective ligands, for enhanced target protein degradation.

This protocol describes inverse toeprinting coupled to next-generation sequencing, an in vitro approach to characterize bacterial translation at codon resolution that can accommodate custom synthetic libraries and various translation perturbations.