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Ubiquitination is traditionally viewed as a one-E1 system based on UBA1, but accumulating evidence positions the related UBA6 as a distinct ubiquitin-initiating pathway that operates through unique E2 and E3 enzymes, with important functions in physiology and disease.
In this Tools of the Trade article, Mariani (Bulyk Lab) describes the development of PIONEAR-Seq, a method designed to explore how genome composition influences transcription factor binding, particularly in the context of nucleosomes and other genomic elements.
Based on microRNAs, DIMMERs is a modular tool for dampening expression fluctuations of multiple proteins in a cell owing to transgene copy number variations.
Cytoplasmic partitioning in early embryos depends on microtubule asters. A study reveals that different species use distinct mechanisms to stabilize these inherently unstable structures and preserve robust cytoplasmic compartments.
A study showing that human cells encode a functional cyclin-dependent kinase, thereby demonstrating that cell-cycle regulation is conserved across eukaryotes.
Barbara Demmig-Adams discusses a 1998 study that demonstrated in plants that carotenoids can remove dangerous excess energy from chlorophyll, and the implications of this work, including for research aimed at improving plant stress resilience.
The centriole is crucial for fundamental cellular processes in eukaryotes, including cell polarity, signalling and motility. This Review discusses recent insights into the molecular architecture of centrioles and the principles governing their assembly, with a focus on human cells.
Biomolecular condensates are non-membrane-encapsulated compartments that control various biological processes. Recent studies have revealed that condensates change in response to stimuli and over time. This Review discusses the heterogeneity and composition changes of nuclear and cytoplasmic condensates, their regulation and how the changes affect cellular biochemical reactions.
The endosomal sorting complex required for transport machinery supports key cellular functions including cell division, autophagy and membrane repair. This Review presents recent mechanistic and structural insights into the assembly and remodelling of endosomal sorting complex required for transport complexes in different cellular contexts.
The ability to track single cells in vivo, combined with insights into chromatin structure, immune–tissue crosstalk, bioelectric and metabolic cues and quantitative modelling, is changing our understanding of how tissues are repaired and renewed. This Review discusses how signals are regulated during regeneration and future directions for a more quantitative understanding of regenerative biology.
