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Identifying jets originating from heavy quarks plays a fundamental role in hadronic collider experiments. In this work, the ATLAS Collaboration describes and tests a transformer-based neural network architecture for jet flavour tagging based on low-level input and physics-inspired constraints.

Hic-5 drives epithelial mechanotransduction linking bronchoconstriction to asthma pathogenesis and reinforces a feed-forward bronchoconstriction loop through endothelin-1, thereby establishing dysregulated mechanical forces as active drivers of disease

Padawer-Curry et al. show that the hallucinogenic 5-HT2A receptor agonist DOI alters neurovascular coupling in mice, with implications for the interpretation of human fMRI studies of psychedelics.

The role that quasi-bound spins play in the '0.7 anomaly' is controversial. One study suggests that two or more quasi-bound spins may be involved; another advocates that the 0.7 anomaly is a density-of-states effect, needing neither a quasi-bound spin nor spontaneous spin polarization.

Using multi-ancestry genome-wide association study and fine-mapping, 298 loci and 36 credible genes are identified in the aetiology of bipolar disorder.

Reframing of arousal as a latent dynamical system can reconstruct multidimensional measurements of large-scale spatiotemporal brain dynamics on the timescale of seconds in mice.

The CMS Collaboration reports the measurement of the spin, parity, and charge conjugation properties of all-charm tetraquarks, exotic fleeting particles formed in proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.

The ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider reports a search for charged-lepton-flavour violation in decays of Z bosons into a τ lepton and an electron or muon of opposite charge.

The quark structure of the f₀(980) hadron is still unknown after 50 years of its discovery. Here, the CMS Collaboration reports a measurement of the elliptic flow of the f₀(980) state in proton-lead collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 8.16 TeV, providing strong evidence that the state is an ordinary meson.

This study discovered that locally confined DNA differences boost crossover rates in both Arabidopsis and maize, revealing a conserved mechanism that can accelerate plant breeding and trait introgression.

Genomic analyses of 1,246 Shigella isolates collected from seven LMICs reveal the important role of Shigella genomic diversity in vaccination design and Shigella evolution of resistance against currently recommended antibiotic treatments, underscoring the use of pathogenomics for shigellosis prevention and control.

Genome-wide association analyses of 41,917 bipolar disorder cases and 371,549 controls of European ancestry provide new insights into the etiology of this disorder and identify novel therapeutic leads and potential opportunities for drug repurposing.

Reference assemblies of great ape sex chromosomes show that Y chromosomes are more variable in size and sequence than X chromosomes and provide a resource for studies on human evolution and conservation genetics of non-human apes.

The ATLAS Collaboration reports the observation of the electroweak production of two jets and a Z-boson pair. This process is related to vector-boson scattering and allows the nature of electroweak symmetry breaking to be probed.

An apparent redundant role with EZH2 has rendered EZH1 as a secondary player in PRC2-mediated homeostasis regulation. Here, the authors report that gain- and loss-of-function variants in EZH1 cause neurodevelopmental disorders, highlighting its functional relevance.

Different functional variants in ADH1B (and elsewhere) in Europeans and Africans strongly affect risk for alcohol dependence. Dependence only partly genetically correlates with consumption, with strong correlations to other psychiatric disorders.

The ATLAS Collaboration reports a measurement of the ratio of the decay rates of W bosons to τ leptons and muons, in agreement with universal lepton couplings as postulated in the standard model of particle physics.

Newly evolved Xanthomonas citri pv. malvacearum isolates triggers recent bacterial blight outbreaks in cotton. Here, the authors show that a recently evolved TALE, Tal7b, activates host susceptibility genes GhSWEET14a and GhSWEET14b rather than GhSWEET10 to confer pathogenicity in these new isolates.

Results for the final phase of the 1000 Genomes Project are presented including whole-genome sequencing, targeted exome sequencing, and genotyping on high-density SNP arrays for 2,504 individuals across 26 populations, providing a global reference data set to support biomedical genetics.

Entanglement was observed in top–antitop quark events by the ATLAS experiment produced at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN using a proton–proton collision dataset with a centre-of-mass energy of √s  = 13 TeV and an integrated luminosity of 140 fb⁻¹.

Double quantum dots are proving themselves to be an excellent test bed for many-body physics. These artificial atoms now demonstrate a phenomenon in which the capacitive coupling between them causes the spin and charge degrees of freedom of the electrons in the system to become entangled—the so-called SU(4) Kondo effect.

A global multi-taxon extinction risk assessment of freshwater fauna for The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species finds one-quarter of species to be at high risk of extinction.

Centaur 29P/Schwassmann–Wachmann 1 exhibits a fascinating outgassing pattern in JWST observations, with compositional heterogeneities that may be related to the bilobate nature of its nucleus. The detection of CO and CO₂ isotopologues is also reported.

The goal of the 1000 Genomes Project is to provide in-depth information on variation in human genome sequences. In the pilot phase reported here, different strategies for genome-wide sequencing, using high-throughput sequencing platforms, were developed and compared. The resulting data set includes more than 95% of the currently accessible variants found in any individual, and can be used to inform association and functional studies.

This report from the 1000 Genomes Project describes the genomes of 1,092 individuals from 14 human populations, providing a resource for common and low-frequency variant analysis in individuals from diverse populations; hundreds of rare non-coding variants at conserved sites, such as motif-disrupting changes in transcription-factor-binding sites, can be found in each individual.

Rapid ocean deoxygenation during the Early Cretaceous OAE1a is shown to provide evidence for a strong link between volcanic CO₂ emissions, weathering and ocean oxygen content that is characterized by a climate threshold.

Connectome reconstructions across multiple species reveal that the morphology of axonal projections is highly variable, even between neurons of the same location or subtype. In this Review, Richards et al. discuss the implications of this for interareal communication and for functional network plasticity in both the healthy brain and following brain injury.

This description of the Sphagnum (peat moss) genome includes a newly discovered sex chromosome. Interactions among sex, autosomes and environment show direct effects on Sphagnum growth which influences global carbon sequestration.

The most up-to-date combination of results on the properties of the Higgs boson is reported, which indicate that its properties are consistent with the standard model predictions, within the precision achieved to date.

Anthers, the male reproductive organs in plants, are a model to explore the establishment of complex three-dimensional shapes. Live imaging, genetics and modelling reveal an active role for inner layers in driving morphogenesis.

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe mood disorder, which has been shown to have a large genetic component. Here the authors identify two previously unreported BD risk loci and provide further insights into the biological mechanisms underlying BD development.

Ocean currents play a crucial role in the distribution of marine coastal species. Here the nuclear and chloroplast genomes of this eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) is used to trace its colonization history from its origin in the Northwest Pacific.

1000 Genomes imputation can increase the power of genome-wide association studies to detect genetic variants associated with human traits and diseases. Here, the authors develop a method to integrate and analyse low-coverage sequence data and SNP array data, and show that it improves imputation performance.

Previous work identified goddard as a putative de novo evolved gene in Drosophila melanogaster. Here, the authors characterize the structure and function of the Goddard protein in D. melanogaster, and they infer its ancestral and extant structures across the Drosophila genus.

The CMS Collaboration reports evidence for off-shell Higgs boson contributions in the production of Z boson pairs, and measures the width of the Higgs boson, which is inversely related to its lifetime.

The CMS Collaboration reports the study of three simultaneous hard interactions between quarks and gluons in proton–proton collisions. This manifests through the concurrent production of three J/ψ mesons, which consist of a charm-quark–antiquark pair.

The Photopick platform, which can be used for phenotype-activated cell selection, was used to develop the improved voltage sensors QuasAr6a and QuasAr6b. These GEVIs offer improved signals and are useful for all-optical electrophysiology.

Methods to track molecular motion in eukaryotic cells mostly rely on fluorescent labels, transfection or photobleaching. Here the authors use multimodal partial wave spectroscopy to perform label-free live cell measurements of nanoscale structure and macromolecular motion with millisecond temporal resolution.

UDP-glucuronic acid is a component of the extracellular matrix. Here, the authors report biallelic variants in the gene encoding UDP-Glucose 6-Dehydrogenase (UGDH) in individuals affected by developmental epileptic encephalopathies that impair UGDH stability, oligomerization, or enzymatic activity in vitro.

Cancer stem cells are thought to be largely resistant to treatment and can be responsible for tumour recurrence. Here, using renal cancer organoids, self-renewing sphere cultures and PDX from patients, the authors show that the proliferation of stem cells within organoids, PDX and spheres can be blocked by the concomitant inhibition of the NOTCH and WNT pathways.

Here the authors use positron emission tomography to visualize fibroblasts in patients with arthritis and combined with spatial transcriptomic data show that these cells undergo a phenotypic shift upon resolution of inflammation. A CD200⁺DKK3⁺ fibroblast subset promotes this resolution by inhibiting tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-17A.

Ten years after the discovery of the Higgs boson, the ATLAS  experiment at CERN probes its kinematic properties with a significantly larger dataset from 2015–2018 and provides further insights on its interaction with other known particles.

Synthetic circuits in host cells compete with endogenous processes for limited resources. Here the authors use MazF to funnel cellular resources to a synthetic circuit to increase product production and demonstrate how resource allocation can be manipulated.

The use of a chromium oxide interlayer separating the perovskite film from the metal contacts improves the stability of perovskite solar cells in air. Deposited on thin plastic foils, these ultralight devices power model airplanes and dirigibles.