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Kraus et al. report correlative real- and reciprocal-space analysis using 3D electron diffraction in a single transmission electron microscope. The technique reveals molecular texture, mosaicity, and the direct correlation between molecular packing and nanomorphology in archetypal organic blend films.

Measuring the mass of individual microbial cells remains challenging. Here, the authors present a cell balance to monitor the proliferation of single budding yeast cells under culture conditions in real time, showing that single cells increase total mass in multiple linear segments of constant growth rates.

How inflammation spreads from the skin to the joints in psoriatic disease is unclear. Here, the authors show that joint-resident fibroblasts can control differentiation of infiltrating skin-derived myeloid precursors that can become inflammatory macrophages.

While the photoreceptor outer segments in the bird outer retina have access to oxygen, the inner retina operates under chronic anoxia, supported by anaerobic glycolysis in the retinal neurons.

The mushroom body of Drosophila integrates sensory information with past experience to guide behaviour. Here, the authors provide an atlas of the input and output neurons of the stage 3 larval mushroom body at the single-cell level, and analyse their function in learned and innate behaviours.

Olfactory information from Kenyon cells in the mushroom body and reward information from pPAM dopaminergic neurons is required for appetitive olfactory learning and memory. Here, the authors report evidence for a feedback circuit mechanism between Kenyon cells and pPAM neurons for reward memory that involves short neuropeptide F.

The number of ligand binding sites in the dopamine transporter is enigmatic due to conflicting data from structures and molecular pharmacology. Here, force spectra reveal the position and dynamics of a previously invisible transient site.

A platform using matched patient-derived lung tumouroids and healthy lung organoids enables accurate examination of patient responses to CAR T therapy and offers a faithful framework for improved CAR T design.

Metabolism can influence gene expression through histone modifications. Using a mouse model of the inborn error of metabolism propionic acidaemia, Park et al. show how raised propionate levels produce epigenetic actions that impact cardiac function.

CFAP20 has a key role in rescuing RNA polymerase II complexes that have arrested during DNA transcription, limiting the accumulation of R-loops and preventing collisions between the transcription and replication machinery.

Functional studies of pathogenetic FLVCR1 variants associated with sensory neuropathy reveal that impaired choline uptake, heme biosynthesis, and ER–mitochondria Ca²⁺ transfer result in mitochondrial energetic failure.

RNA viruses are defined by linear RNA genomes encoding an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, while viroid-like elements consist of small, single-stranded, circular RNA genomes that, in some cases, encode self-cleaving catalytic RNAs. Here, the authors identify over 20,000 candidate viroid-like elements, and show that infectious agents of fungi display hybrid features of viroid-like RNAs and RNA viruses.

The Tweety homologue TTYH2 is identified as the lipid transfer mediator for APOE-containing lipoproteins.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a severe inflammatory lung disease characterized by obstructed airflow from the lungs. Here, Seimetz et al. show that NADPH oxidase subunit 1 (NOXO1) is responsible for peroxynitrite formation from nitric oxide and superoxide and drives the development of smoke-induced emphysema and pulmonary hypertension.

Centromeres ensure chromosome segregation. Analyzed sister species with distinct centromere types show that kinetochore mutations, histone modifications, and centromeric DNA amplification underlie the process of mono- to holocentromere evolution.

Targeting a gene with two loxP sites is both time and labour intensive. Here the authors present Cre-Controlled CRISPR allowing conditional mutagenesis of a gene of interest and simultaneously labelling the putative mutant cells fluorescently.

Epithelial cells express two isoforms of cytoplasmic actin, γ- and β-actin, and whether isoform-specific functions exist is debated. Here, the authors report a feedback circuitry whereby γ-actin regulates the expression of β-actin and nonmuscle myosin-2A, and modulate apical membrane cortex mechanics and cytoplasmic tight junction protein dynamics.

Differences in force transmission capabilities between competing cells create large stress fluctuation at their interface, resulting in upward forces and cell elimination, which might have implications for tissue homeostasis and tumour cell invasion.

Representative microbial isolates and patient-specific biobanks are crucial for microbiome investigation and management. Here, authors develop laser-assisted microbial culturomics, combining high-throughput, precise bioprinting on diverse media with rapid, non-invasive analyses.

Zuhra and Petrosino et al. report evidence that cyanide acts as a regulatory gasotransmitter in mammalian cells, where it is shown to affect cellular bioenergetics, most likely via protein S-cyanylation.

Switching mechanical properties in stiff bioinspired nanocomposites is challenging as they contain high fractions of hard reinforcements. Here, the authors demonstrate reversible electrical switching in highly-reinforced cellulose nanopapers using an applied low direct current.

The second messenger 3’,5’-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) is important for the maintenance of cardiovascular homeostasis. Here, correlative single-cell profiling of cGMP dynamics and vascular cell phenotype reveals a druggable atheroprotective mechanism and suggests parallels between remodeling processes in bone and atherosclerotic arteries.

Barney Miao and colleagues present a vibration-based sensing system that evaluates the quality of biopolymer-bound soil composite while wet. This enables monitoring of strength gain and early detection of defects to support efficient and scalable manufacturing.

Clostridium difficile is the major cause of antibiotic-induced diarrhoea. It has been suggested that one of C. difficile's virulence factors, toxin B, is activated by a host protease upon cell entry. This study demonstrates that toxin cleavage is an autocatalytic process induced by host inositolphosphate.

A gelatin–alginate hydrogel ink incorporating short gelatin fibres guides the self-organization of human cardiomyocytes into contractile tissues that can be 3D-printed into structures mimicking human organs.

NKp46⁺ innate lymphoid cells are identified as pivotal signal amplifiers of autoinflammatory responses in lupus nephritis.

Animals can adjust their behavior in response to changes in the environment when these changes can be predicted. Here the authors show the role of the cerebellum in zebrafish that change their swimming as they adjust to long-lasting changes in visual feedback

Expression profiles and genomes of Bacilli species show modular organization of the life cycle and mosaic evolution of life cycle changes. Experimental evolution shows parallel losses of the sporulation life stage under conditions that promote colony growth.

Experimentally preserving tissue microenvironments remains challenging for single-cell sequencing methods. Here, the authors introduce fragment-sequencing, a method that can preserve three-dimensional microenvironments in single-cell RNA-seq, thus allowing the reconstruction of spatial tissue niches.

Endogenous retroviruses (ERV) can induce immune responses and the control of these viruses uses immune mechanisms also involved in autoimmunity. Here, the authors characterize the control of ERVs in mice and show age-associated B cell control and nucleic acid sensing TLR pathway involvement.

In epithelial layers cells must round up prior to division. Here the authors use micropillar arrays to mimic epithelial confinement and show that MDCK cells generate force to create space to divide; if unable to generate sufficient force they escape the micropillars to divide and return to confinement.

D-Glucosamine is a dietary supplement widely used for the treatment of osteoarthritis. Here Weimer et al. show that D-glucosamine extends the life span of Caenorhabditis elegans and of mice by mimicking the molecular effects of a diet low in carbohydrates.

The mechanism and extent to which transposons can alter the gene expression of their hosts is not well understood. This study finds that in the IS3 family of transposable elements in E.coli, de-novo promoter activity could evolve from single point mutations, most often from existing proto-promoter sequences.

Nacre-mimetics hold great promise as high-performance, functional materials. Here, the authors use synthetic nanoclays and demonstrate tuneable mechanical properties by varying the nanoclay aspect ratio, and suggest a transparent gas barrier application.

This article reports a method based on a bifunctional chemical probe called TME and a workflow named RUBICON to capture, enrich and profile endogenous disordered proteins in cells. The method enables a proteome-wide analysis of protein disorder via high-throughput fluorescence and mass spectrometry-based proteomics.

Dendritic cells play intricate roles in engaging a range of immune cells. Here, the authors establish a role for the transcription factor RelB in dendritic cells as a molecular rheostat that controls the level of immune tolerance by limiting the number of regulatory T cells.

Extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling is a hallmark of fibrosis thought to be driven by mesenchymal cells. Here, the authors discover that YAP-TEAD/LOX axis is activated in distal lung epithelial cells, which contributes to ECM remodeling in pre-clinical models of pulmonary fibrosis.

Transition paths by which embryonic stem cells commit to different lineages are not well understood. Here, the authors use combined lineage plus 37-dimensional protein information to identify a developmental cell population co-expressing Sox1 and FoxA2.

Immune cells are believed not to generate large traction forces during migration. Now, measurements of natural killer cells in dense tissue reveal bursts of large traction forces as they move through narrow pores.

Necroptosis, a form of cell death, occurs in acute renal injury. Here, the authors show that ferroptosis—a form of cell death dependent on iron - also occurs during acute kidney injury, and show that an inhibitor of ferroptosis can improve survival in a mouse model of acute kidney damage.

Combining behavioral data, electrophysiology and modeling, the authors show that the human brain synchronizes visual signals by adjusting axonal conduction speed in the retina, revealing a previously unknown mechanism for precise perceptual timing.

Atmospheric methane-oxidizing bacteria constitute the sole biological sink for atmospheric methane. Here, Schmider et al. assess the ability and strategies of seven methanotrophic species to grow with air as sole energy, carbon, and nitrogen source, showing that these bacteria can grow on the trace concentrations of methane, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen present in air.

Lebedeva et al. show that unlike Bilateria, the embryo of the cnidarian Nematostella specifies its endomesoderm in the β-catenin-negative domain. In contrast, subsequent β-catenin-dependent axial patterning acts similarly in Cnidaria and Bilateria.

Cellular overgrowth and fibrosis in the foreign body response can compromise the function of transplanted cells. Here, the authors report on the zwitterionically modified alginates for the encapsulation of cells to reduce cellular overgrowth and demonstrate application in mice, dogs and pigs.

Retrograde signalling ensures message communication between organelles and the nucleus. A pivotal regulator of plant retrograde signalling, GENOMES UNCOUPLED1, is now found to regulate protein import into chloroplast during chloroplast biogenesis or under stress conditions.

Most epigenetic regulator inhibitors target tunnels of active sites, rather than the peptide binding groove, leading to concerns with low selectivity. Here the authors use an amber obligate phage library to rapidly identify isoform-selective inhibitors of SIRT2.

Antibiotic resistant bacteria have increased the interest in the development of antibacterial surfaces to reduce the risk of infection. Here, the authors report on a thiolated gold nanocluster enhanced crystal violet polymer with bactericidal properties under low level white light illumination.