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Here, the authors characterize H5N1cross-reactive antibody landscapes and evaluate the effect of pH1N1/AS03 and non-adjuvanted seasonal influenza vaccination on H5N1 cross-neutralization and antibody titers targeting influenza-derived antigens.

As Nature Aging celebrates its fifth anniversary, the journal asks some of the researchers who contributed to the journal early on to reflect on the past and the future of aging and age-related disease research, the impact of the field on human health now and in the future, and what challenges need to be addressed to ensure sustained progress.

Lonelier individuals are less willing to trust partners even when they cooperate highly, due to reduced reliance on expectations of their reciprocity. Their willingness to trust is even lower when they also report high levels of paranoia.

A purpose-built implantable system based on biomimetic epidural electrical stimulation of the spinal cord reduces the severity of hypotensive complications in people with spinal cord injury and improves quality of life.

A report from the first 2,000 newborns enrolled in the Early Check program, which offered genome screening covering 198 genes associated with early-onset diseases, shows the feasibility and potential clinical utility of the approach, leading to 28 true positive results.

Striatal dopamine signaling accelerates reinforcement learning while also boosting reliance on working memory and making working memory less effortful as revealed in this pharmaco-PET study of healthy young adults.

As presented at the 2025 ASCO Annual Meeting: in a randomized platform phase II trial, high rates of pathologic complete response were seen for neoadjuvant durvalumab plus chemotherapy when combined with new agents, most notably a TROP2-targeting antibody–drug conjugate, in patients with resectable non-small-cell lung cancer.

As presented at the 2025 World Conference on Lung Cancer, in a multiarm phase 2 trial, perioperative immunotherapy was safe and feasible in patients with resectable diffuse pleural mesothelioma, with exploratory data suggesting that ctDNA kinetics could be informative of tumor regression and post-treatment survival.

Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells mediate protection from pathogens, but their role in autoimmunity is unclear. Here the authors show that, in a mouse experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model, MAIT cells accumulate in the inflamed central nervous system and serve protective functions when activated via their T cell receptor.

The DREPAGLOBE lentiviral-based gene therapy for sickle cell disease is safe. However, its efficacy depends on the number of infused hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and intrinsic, engraftment impairing inflammatory alterations in HSCs.

For many AI systems, it is hard to interpret how they make decisions. Here, the authors show that non-experts value interpretability in AI, especially for decisions involving high stakes and scarce resources, but they sacrifice AI interpretability when it trades off against AI accuracy.

In this large interventional, randomized controlled trial, structured and individualized exercise in patients with metastatic breast cancer led to lower levels of fatigue and improved health-related quality of life.

Schuster et al. engaged researchers and public health professionals working in molecular HIV surveillance (MHS) to assess how they value strategies to improve its use. Participants indicate that the greatest emphasis should be placed on providing certainty of benefit, considering the range of ethical, legal, and social implications of MHS.

Empirically based models of disease progression in familial frontotemporal dementia reveal the relative ordering of clinical, neuroimaging, and fluid biomarker changes and facilitate novel clinical trial designs

The authors found that replacing animal source foods with plant-based alternatives would lead to substantial reductions in environmental impacts, while meeting most nutrition recommendations and being cost-competitive with the current average Swedish diet.

Choosing products like recycled water, artificial meat and insect-based food is hindered by the disgust they elicit. This study finds that using a foreign language to describe such products can increase both their intended and actual consumption.

In this study, the authors distinguish between changes of mind about perceptual vs. intentional decisions. A Hierarchical Attractor Network Model is proposed in which human voluntary actions emerge from continuous and dynamic integration of higher-order intentions with sensory evidence and motor costs.

Patients with liver disease undergoing transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) are at a higher risk of hepatic encephalopathy (HE). Here, the authors show intrahepatic shunting and specific metabolites, especially bile acids, as potential biomarkers and treatment targets for HE.

Suzanne Bart from Purdue University talks to Nature Chemistry about her investigations into the chemistry of actinides, and why she finds them both challenging and rewarding.

Why do women remain curiously absent from the ranks of academia?

Experiments using economic games and hypothetical infectious disease scenarios show that uncertainty about a decision’s outcome reduces prosocial actions, but when the impact on others is made uncertain, prosociality increases.

Consumer adoption of clean technologies is needed to reduce emissions and meet climate targets, but psychological and contextual barriers slow and even prevent uptake. This Review examines these barriers and discusses the effectiveness of interventions in overcoming them.

This study explores selection signals of Papua New Guinean highlanders and lowlanders using 128 new whole genome sequences. It highlights two genetic variants associated with blood traits that also influence the heart rate of these populations.

Analysis of 100 consecutive personalized bacteriophage therapy cases supports the use of personalized and sometimes pre-adapted, bacteriophage preparations, often in combination with antibiotics.

The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant is associated with high rates of vaccine breakthrough infections, but the immunological basis for this is not well characterised. Here, the authors show that increased anti-Spike IgG antibody levels are associated with a reduced risk of infection with the Delta variant, but not with Omicron.

Do we mitigate climate change in a Kyoto style global agreement or via multiple agreements among smaller groups of states? Here the authors show that the best strategy may begin with regional legally binding, aggressive agreements and, as these become common, renew pursuit of a global legally-binding treaty.

Modulating the host immune response during tuberculosis is an emerging and critical advance in the therapeutic approach. Here the authors present data from a first-in-human phase I/II randomised trial on the safety and immunogenicity of adjuvant therapy of the H56:IC31 vaccine and cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors in patients with tuberculosis.

Edward B. Barbier and colleagues call for governance and funds for deep-sea reserves and the restoration of ecosystems damaged by commercial interests.

An integrated methodology that includes climate, crop, economic and life cycle assessment models was developed to explore the climate adaptation and mitigation opportunities throughout the US potato and tomato supply chains. This study shows that supply chains for two popular processed products in the United States, French fries and pasta sauce, will be remarkably resilient, through planting adaptation strategies.

Chandarlapaty and colleagues use longitudinal ctDNA samples to identify genomic alterations in PTEN and ESR1 associated with resistance in a phase I/II trial of a PI3K inhibitor and aromatase inhibition for hormone receptor–positive metastatic breast cancer.

Growth hormone abuse is prevalent in sport because of the perceived benefits on lean muscle mass, strength, and performance. As discussed in this Viewpoint, however, inappropriate use of growth hormone might be associated with adverse effects, such as hypertension and cardiomyopathy, particularly when athletes concurrently abuse anabolic androgen steroids.