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Identifying pairs of genotypes that perform better in mixture than monoculture is important for increasing crop yields. Using the model species Arabidopsis thaliana, this study provides a proof of principle of how such beneficial genotype pairs could be found using genome-wide association studies.

A single-cell multiomic immune cell atlas from 235 Japanese, including patients with COVID-19 and healthy individuals, linked with host genetics including germline and somatic mutation, plasma proteomics and metagenomics data reveals that immune cells are dynamically regulated in a cell state-dependent manner.

Kinematic measurements of the Perseus galaxy cluster reveal two drivers of gas motions: a small-scale driver in the inner core associated with black-hole feedback and a large-scale driver in the outer core powered by mergers.

This study reveals that MDS stem cells progressively acquire progenitor-like chromatin features during disease progression, and that a scoring system based on chromatin accessibility in MDS stem and progenitor cells correlates strongly with disease progression.

A genome-wide association study highlights a variant in DOCK2, which is common in East Asian populations but rare in Europeans, as a host genetic risk factor for severe COVID-19.

Analysis of the blood DNA virome in patients with COVID-19 and autoimmune disease associates endogenous HHV-6 (eHHV-6) and high anellovirus load with increased disease risk, most notably for systemic lupus erythematosus. eHHV-6 carriers show a distinct immune response.

Genetic mechanisms influencing COVID-19 susceptibility are not well understood. Here, the authors analyzed whole blood RNA-seq data of 465 Japanese individuals with COVID-19, highlighting thousands of fine-mapped variants affecting expression and splicing of genes, as well as the presence of COVID-19 severity-interaction eQTLs.

The authors report crystalline FeTe films grown on CdTe(001) substrates. They find that 6 units of FeTe grow on 5 units of CdTe, a phenomenon known as commensurate higher-order epitaxy. In the resulting FeTe films, they find two-dimensional superconductivity that is absent in bulk FeTe, likely due to suppression of the monoclinic distortion.

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 73 Japanese patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and 75 healthy controls were analyzed using single-cell transcriptomics. Combining these data with genotyping data highlights the interplay between host genetics and the immune response in modulating disease severity.

Methodologies to study the mechanisms of cell–cell interactions in metastatic niches remain scarce. Here, the authors develop a secretory GFP reconstitution-based system to tag tissue-resident cells neighboring on cancer cells within the metastatic niche.

On the basis of the whole-genome sequences of cultivated and wild hops, this study describes the evolution of sex chromosomes, including degeneration and dosage compensation, and identifies a candidate gene for the X–A balance sex-determination system in these species.

XRISM observations show the presence of odd-numbered elements chlorine and potassium in Cas A. These findings suggest that stellar activity plays an important role in cosmic chemical evolution, enriching space with elements vital for planets and life.

Seishi Ogawa, Atsushi Natsume and colleagues report analyses of large sets of sequence data of grade II and III gliomas. They find three distinct subtypes of grade II and III gliomas characterized by discrete mutation profiles and distinct clinical behaviors.

Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), a key enzyme for NAD synthesis, has been proposed as a potential target for cancer therapy. Here, the authors show synthetic lethality when combining NAMPT inhibition with Niacin restriction in neuroendocrine-type cancer.

The upper atmosphere of Venus rotates much faster than the planet itself. An anomalous stationary structure observed by the Akatsuki mission at the cloud tops of Venus could be an atmospheric gravity wave induced by mountain topography below.

Helium has not, to date, been observed crystallographically. Here, the authors report the first crystallographic observation of a helium atom, encapsulated in a fullerene, and show that it exerts a small but detectable influence on the electronic structure of a coencapsulated nitrogen atom.

Somatic mutations in ASXL1 lead to clonal hematopoiesis, and Sato et al. elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which mutated ASXL1 in hematopoietic cells drives atherosclerosis in mice.

Using more than 100 independent iPSC lines derived from patients with Alzheimer’s disease, the authors discovered loci associated with the neuronal production of amyloid β and confirmed their influence using RNA interference.

Tuberous sclerosis complex is an autosomal dominant cognitive disorder caused by mutations affecting TSCgenes. Sato and colleagues examine tuberous sclerosis complex mutant mice and find that the behavioural and anatomical abnormalities can be reversed by inhibiting rapamycin-sensitive signalling pathways, even in adulthood.

Neuronal populations in the prefrontal cortex are involved in associative learning. Here the authors use longitudinal imaging and computational approaches in the mouse prefrontal cortex to observe changes in neuronal ensembles during fear conditioning.

In vitro studies in human cell lines and in vivo studies in a hamster model show that the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant is less pathogenic than both the Delta variant and an ancestral strain of SARS-CoV-2.

Microtubules that nucleate from the surface of the Golgi network are important for polarized trafficking and cell migration. Sato et al.find that these microtubules are crosslinked and stabilized by the microtubule-binding protein MTCL1, and show that this activity is required for Golgi structure and function.

The protein p16^INK4a promotes senescence in tissue stem cells and thereby contributes to organismal ageing. Here the authors reveal that p16^INK4a also downregulates expression of a-klotho, thereby revealing an additional ageing-promoting function of 16^INK4athat is independent from its role in senescence.

A member of the vacuolar H⁺-ATPase family, ATP6V0A1 is involved in lysosomal activity. Here, the authors report that ATP6V0A1 variants identified in individuals with developmental and epileptic encephalopathy are associated with impairment of lysosomal acidification, autophagy and mTORC1 signaling, suggesting an essential role of ATP6V0A1 in brain development.

The XRISM Resolve spectrum of the galactic neutron star X-ray binary, GX 13+1, reveals one of the densest winds ever seen in absorption lines.

The Lys48-linked polyubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation in yeast depends on Cdc48 and its cofactors Ufd1 and Npl4. Here, the authors present crystal structures of Npl4 bound to Lys48-linked diubiquitin and the Npl4-binding motif of Ufd1, providing insights into the reaction mechanism of the Cdc48- Ufd1/Npl4 complex.

Observations of a luminous quasar from the high-resolution spectrometer Resolve aboard XRISM revealed highly inhomogeneous wind structure outflowing from a supermassive black hole, which probably consists of up to a million clumps.

Authors develop and present RIBEA (Rapid and Integrated Bacterial Evolution Analysis), an approach that combines lab-based evolution experiments, genome sequencing and in vivo testing, to monitor long-term evolution or bacterial pathogenicity and antimicrobial resistance, in the context of Klebsiella pneumoniae.