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Here the authors identify distinct mechanisms by which domain-specific p53 mutations activate cancer cell growth via the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). These mechanisms affect sensitivity to EGFR inhibitors, opening avenues for targeted therapy.

Liu et al. developed a platform to identify transcription factors (TFs) that turn stem cells into desired cell types. They discovered six key TFs that produce microglia efficiently, enhancing cell differentiation methods.

Studying human diet may help us identify measures to treat or prevent chronic diseases. Here, the authors discover the nutritional redundancy phenomenon in human diet and demonstrate its association with cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.

Hospital treatment for children with severe malnutrition may facilitate antibiotic resistance. Here, using rectal swabs from 1,371 children receiving treatment for severe acute malnutrition in Niger, the authors identify high rates of bacteria carrying carbapenemase genes, highlighting the urgent need to prioritize infection control.

DeepRETStroke is a deep learning system using retinal photographs to detect silent brain infarction and predict future stroke events.

Electrides are an emerging family of materials with potential for hosting topological states. Here, the authors demonstrate the presence of Fermi-arc surface states in close proximity to the floating electron layer on the surface of an electride.

Evolutionary modelling shows that an initial set of inhibitory neurons serving olfactory bulbs may have been repurposed to diversify the taxonomy of interneurons found in the expanded striata and cortices in primates.

BRCA1 and BRCA2 are well known breast cancer predisposition genes, however, many variants have not yet been classified for their pathogenicity. Here, the authors analyse a large combined cohort to provide evidence of variant pathogenicity.

A stream of young neurons migrating into the entorhinal cortex (EC) continues postnatally in humans, but not in macaques; these young neurons, which belong to a unique class of local circuit cells, continue to be recruited in the EC during infancy and early childhood.

Modeling neurodevelopmental trajectories in a pediatric cohort reveals accelerated decrease in correlation between brain structural and functional connectivity in children exposed to high levels of prenatal adversity.

Structural variations (SV) contribute to inter-individual variability. Here, the authors describe a first-generation multi-ancestry Asian SV catalogue containing 73,035 SVs from 8392 Singaporeans to provide insights into Asian SV diversity.

A semiconductor chip, coupled to an ion-sensitive field effect transistor (ISFET) pH sensor, can amplify and quantitate DNA in real time without dyes, cameras and external heating devices.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have improved our understanding of the genetic basis of lung adenocarcinoma but known susceptibility variants explain only a small fraction of the familial risk. Here, the authors perform a two-stage GWAS and report 12 novel genetic loci associated with lung adenocarcinoma in East Asians.

Systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease study reported that, despite global improvements from 1990 to 2021, dietary iron deficiency-associated disease burden remains high in women, children and residents in low socio-demographic index countries.

Targeted degradation has emerged as a powerful therapeutic modality. In this study, the authors develop a lipid-based platform to deliver recombinant bioPROTACs into cells for targeted protein degradation, providing a platform for efficient intracellular degradation of proteins that may elude chemical inhibition.

Prediabetics have an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. In this parallel-design, randomized controlled trial, the authors show improvements in metabolic health in a prediabetes population consuming a legume-rich diet, which are mediated through favorable changes in gut microbiome.

Gene expression is regulated by enhancers and super-enhancers, which can be identified by chromatin profiling. Here, the authors surveyed gastric cancer samples and cell lines to identify enhancer elements exhibiting somatic alterations.

A 50 microRNA-based dynamic risk score for stratifying individuals with and without type 1 diabetes was developed using samples obtained from multicenter and multiethnic cohorts.

The formation of an immunological synapse is central to the ability of NK cells to lyse target cells. Here the authors show that Nogo receptor 1 (NgR1) might be a good target for cancer immunotherapy as it destabilizes the NK synapse, resulting in defective killing of tumor cells.

The extent of problems in quantum chemistry for which quantum algorithms could provide a speedup is still unclear, as well as the kind of speedup one should expect. Here, the authors look at the problem of ground state energy estimation, and gather theoretical and numerical evidence for the fact that an exponential quantum advantage is unlikely for generic problems of interest.

EGFR mutant lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) exhibit diverse clinical outcomes in response to targeted therapies. Here the authors show that these LUADs involve a complex genomic landscape with high intratumor heterogeneity, providing insights into the evolutionary trajectory of oncogene-driven LUAD and potential mediators of EGFR TKI resistance.

A meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of type 2 diabetes (T2D) identifies more than 600 T2D-associated loci; integrating physiological trait and single-cell chromatin accessibility data at these loci sheds light on heterogeneity within the T2D phenotype.

Responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in different populations are important to define efficacy. Here the authors show using a cohort in Singapore that two doses of mRNA vaccine is less effective in recipients over 60 years of age and that a further dose of vaccine can improve these antibody levels.

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection has a key aetiological role in endemic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The authors of this Review discuss advances in NPC screening, which leverage the detection of either plasma EBV DNA or serum antibodies targeting EBV antigens, as well as in prevention, which relies on prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines for NPC.

Using whole-exome sequencing followed by in vitro enzymatic assays, Chew, Liu, Li, Chung et al. identified rare protein-coding variants in GBA1 and SMPD1 that significantly associate with risk of Parkinson’s disease across cohorts of Asian descent.

A multi-ancestry genome-wide gene–smoking interaction study identifies 13 new loci associated with serum lipids.

In order to design cancer immune therapies, it is important to understand how tumours evade the immune response that is mounted against them. Authors here analyse the distribution and properties of immune cells in hepatocellular carcinoma and describe a progressive tumour-immune co-evolution programme from early to late stage cancer.

IL-27 promotes tumour control by preventing dysfunction and enhancing cytotoxicity of tumour-specific CD8⁺ T cells.

Intratumoural heterogeneity is a feature of liver cancer. Here, the authors demonstrate that heterogeneity exists at the immune cell level in liver cancer and show that tumours with high intratumoural immune heterogeneity demonstrated an immune suppressive microenvironment, which was associated with tumour evolution and a poor prognosis.

Toxic protein aggregation is a hallmark of various neurodegenerative diseases. Here, authors show that ATP-independent membrane protein chaperones can serve as a simple design platform for targeting proteotoxic aggregates linked to Huntington’s disease.

A method leveraging antibodies conjugated with barcoded DNA strands to linearize closely spaced interactions from individual 3D protein complexes allows for the mapping of pairwise and higher-order protein interactions within cells.

The quantum imaginary time evolution and Lanczos algorithms offer a resource-efficient way to compute ground or excited states of target Hamiltonians on quantum computers. This offers promise for quantum simulation on near-term noisy devices.

The dynamics and durability of immune responses associated with protection against symptomatic infection in children offer insights to guide vaccination policies in pediatric populations.

Genome-wide association and fine-mapping analyses in ancestrally diverse populations implicate candidate causal genes and mechanisms underlying type 2 diabetes. Trans-ancestry genetic risk scores enhance transferability across populations.

Multi resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters are the next-generation blue dopants for organic light-emitting diodes. Here, the authors develop two isomeric emitters with hybridized long-range and short-range charge transfer excited states and realize device efficiency of 30.8%.

Cell shape provides a structural signature for the classification and investigation of the jamming of bronchial epithelial layers in asthma.

A DNA recording method based on an enhanced dCas12a base editor system enables the parallel and scalable recording of cellular signaling events in multiple mammalian cell types.

Large-scale sequence-based analyses identify novel risk variants and susceptibility genes for Crohn’s disease, and implicate mesenchymal cell-mediated intestinal homeostasis in disease etiology.

A consensus cell type atlas for the fly brain provides both an intellectual framework and open-source toolchains for brain-scale comparative connectomics.

A dual-ligand passivation system comprising photocrosslinkable ligands and dispersing ligands enables quantum dots to be universally compatible with solution-based patterning techniques.

Piperaquine (PPQ) resistance of Plasmodium is an increasing problem. Here, Bopp et al. find a bimodal dose−response curve of Cambodian isolates exposed to PPQ, with the area under the curve correlating with in vitro PPQ resistance, and show the importance of Plasmepsin II–III copy number to PPQ resistance.