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Estimates from the Global Burden of Disease study reveal declines in chronic respiratory disease mortality between 1990 and 2023—especially during the COVID-19 pandemic—but the burdens on people affected remain substantial.

Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of mouse hypothalamus and behavioural experiments show that specific hypothalamic networks regulate conflicting feeding versus parenting behaviours of female mice.

Decenni dopo il disastro del 1966, lo straordinario patrimonio della città è più a rischio che mai, insieme a molte aree fluviali e costiere italiane.

A consensus cell type atlas for the fly brain provides both an intellectual framework and open-source toolchains for brain-scale comparative connectomics.

This study examines the history of North Atlantic deep-water masses, as recorded in marine sediments. Major lithological changes and increased rate of deposition reveal that stronger deep-ocean circulation initiated 3.6 million years ago.

GIANT, a genetically informed brain atlas, integrates genetic heritability with neuroanatomy. It shows strong neuroanatomical validity and surpasses traditional atlases in discovery power for brain imaging genomics.

Propionate supplementation alleviates methylmalonyl-CoA deficiency in Mycobacterium tuberculosis to maintain PDIM virulence lipid production and select against the emergence of less virulent PDIM-negative mutants that affect experimental reliability and BCG vaccine efficacy.

Kelp forests could face up to 16 times more marine heatwave exposure by 2100. With less than 3% of kelp forests in highly restrictive marine protected areas, urgent conservation and climate adaptation actions are needed

Reactivation of the inactive X chromosome (Xi) has modelled epigenetic reprogramming in mouse. Here, by using cell fusion between human female fibroblasts and mouse embryonic stem cells, the authors show a complex hierarchy of epigenetic changes that are required to reactivate the genes on the human Xi chromosome.

The electrolyte is the weak link when it comes to intrinsic issues of Li metal batteries such as instability of the Li metal interface. Now, a liquid electrolyte consisting of one molecular-designed solvent and one common salt is formulated leading to exceptional high-performance batteries.

A low singlet-triplet energy gap, necessary for delayed fluorescence organic semiconductors, results in a small radiative rate that limits performance in OLEDs. Here, the authors show that it is possible to reconcile these conflicting requirements in materials that can access both high oscillator strength intramolecular excitations and intermolecular charge transfer states.

Genetic fine-mapping and CRISPRi screens identify functional variants and their target genes associated with Alzheimer’s disease in microglia. The variant rs7922621 modulates AD risk through control of TSPAN14 expression in this cell type.

FlyWire presents a neuronal wiring diagram of the whole fly brain with annotations for cell types, classes, nerves, hemilineages and predicted neurotransmitters, with data products and an open ecosystem to facilitate exploration and browsing.

A structurally chiral two-dimensional array of nanomagnets is shown to thermally relax its magnetization by rotation in a preferential direction, behaving as a magnetic ratchet.

Protein degraders are an emerging drug modality; however, their properties lie beyond typical drug-like space. Here the authors report optimisation via structure-based exit vector and linker design towards the VHL-recruiting PROTAC ACBI2, an orally bioavailable and selective degrader of SMARCA2.

A primer for deep-learning techniques for healthcare, centering on deep learning in computer vision, natural language processing, reinforcement learning, and generalized methods.

Courtney et al. found that the C-terminal amphipathic helix of a presynaptic protein, complexin, can dramatically remodel phospholipid bilayers. This activity enables complexin to increase the size and stability of SNARE-mediated fusion pores.

The boundary of conventional liquid crystals is known to anchor the orientational field of the passive materials under equilibrium conditions. Here, the authors show an active nematic to develop active boundary layers that topologically polarize the confining walls regardless of the wall curvature.

Here, the authors show that the glycosylceramide synthesis inhibitor and FDA approved drug Eliglustat inhibits autophagic degradation of TRAF3 which is a key step for osteoclast differentiation and thereby improves myeloma bone lesions.

The authors identify pre-leukaemic haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia; these pre-leukaemic HSCs have the capacity of normal multi-lineage haematopoietic differentiation with a competitive growth advantage over wild-type HSCs, and owing to their persistence may serve as a reservoir for therapeutic resistance and relapse.

Single-cell whole-genome sequencing shows that 'foreground' cell-to-cell structural variation and alterations in copy number are associated with genomic diversity and evolution in triple-negative breast and high-grade serous ovarian cancers.

Whole-genome sequencing of human cancer cells in patient-derived mouse xenograft models indicates a key role for TP53 in determining the fitness landscape of polyclonal cancer cell populations.

The periodic organization of molecules on a solid substrate is attractive for a range of applications, but selecting the appropriate characterization technique that is suitable for both large area and accurate analysis at the nanoscale remains challenging. Here, the authors showcase the utility of infrared absorption microscopy in the unambiguous identification of complex molecular layers, directly observing isolated polyoxometalate-based nanoclusters dispersed on a substrate.

A large meta-analysis combining genome-wide and custom high-density genotyping array data identifies 63 new susceptibility loci for prostate cancer, enhancing fine-mapping efforts and providing insights into the underlying biology.

Doris Wagner and colleagues define Polycomb response elements (PREs) that direct the placement of Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) at developmental genes in Arabidopsis. They identify transcription factor families that bind to PREs, physically interact with and recruit PRC2, and are required for gene silencing in vivo.

Walsh et al. examine how dementia impacts daily life and well-being over three years by tracking changes in behaviour, memory, and daily activities, for people with dementia and their carers. They find that as cognitive decline progresses, daily challenges increase, affecting carer stress and the use of community services.

The imminent release of tissue atlases combining multichannel microscopy with single-cell sequencing and other omics data from normal and diseased specimens creates an urgent need for data and metadata standards to guide data deposition, curation and release. We describe a Minimum Information about Highly Multiplexed Tissue Imaging (MITI) standard that applies best practices developed for genomics and for other microscopy data to highly multiplexed tissue images and traditional histology.