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Chronic inflammation hinders the repair of muscle injury, and macrophages are known to play roles in reparative processes. Here the authors show in an nlrc3l-mutant zebrafish model, chronic inflammation drives repression of a mannose-receptor-dependent reparative pathway in macrophages and results in the loss of discrete macrophage states.

An ion pump that does not require redox reactions to drive aqueous ions against forces is demonstrated, and may find applications in selective ion separation and water desalination.

Understanding microwave emission from resonating spin spirals is key for on-chip magnonics. Now, real-time spin precession modes with distinct microwave patterns are captured in a helimagnet/ferromagnet heterostructure.

How signaling pathways recruit SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes is not known. Here the authors suggest a ubiquitin directed mechanism targeting SWI/SNF for Wnt pathway dependent transcription, important for development and cancer.

In this work, authors present an automated, high-throughput platform that utilizes robotics and computer vision to enable creation of a therapeutic phage cocktail, LBP-EC01, effective against over 96% of tested Escherichia coli isolates from urinary tract infections.

The enzyme PCMT1 was found to install a C-terminal cyclic imide modification on proteins that marks them for degradation by CRBN, uncovering a conserved protein turnover pathway with implications in metabolism and neurological function.

Iceberg calving can act as a submarine melt amplifier through excitation of transient internal waves.

A cortical premotor network in HVC, once initiated, can sustain and regulate the sequential production of zebra finch song syllables without major extrinsic inputs.

The authors show how myelination is altered on learning-activated cortical neurons during motor learning in mice. They propose that learning-induced circuit-specific myelin plasticity may contribute to information encoding during learning.

Genome-wide analyses in over one million self-reported cases and controls identify genetic variants associated with stuttering and find genetic correlations with autism, depression and impaired musical rhythm, supporting a potential neurological basis for stuttering.

Wnt receptor levels drive signaling. Here the authors find that precise signaling in the Wnt morphogen gradient relies on Usp46, a deubiquitylase that enhances target cells sensitivity by increasing cell surface levels of the Wnt receptor Arrow/LRP6.

Artificial intelligence is driving rapid growth in electricity demand, straining grid reliability and infrastructure. This study demonstrates a software-based method that allows data centres to adjust workloads in response to real-time grid signals, reducing power use and supporting grid stability without hardware modifications.

Facebook’s heavy-handedness could open a window for research in the public interest.

The CELSRs are cell-surface receptors with large extracellular regions (ECRs) essential for development. Here, the authors determine the structure of the CELSR ECR and define elements of the ECR important for CELSR-mediated cell adhesion.

Genomic deletions in poxviruses are not well understood, the authors found large deletions in >2% of Mpox virus genomes during routine surveillance, highlighting their role in poxvirus evolution and potential impact on diagnostics and therapeutics.

The CAPItello-291 phase 3 study reported that capivasertib (an AKT inhibitor) and fulvestrant (a selective estrogen receptor degrader) improved progression free survival in patients with HR-positive/HER2-negative advanced breast cancer. Here, the authors report the results of an extended Chinese cohort recruited as part of the original global CAPItello-291 study.

Robust, high-throughput processing of two-dimensional materials produced by chemical vapor deposition requires a reliable and scalable technique to transfer the materials to a target substrate. An automated system for transferring chemical-vapor-deposited two-dimensional materials using robotics is developed, demonstrating high production capability with uniformity and repeatability of the transferred materials.

In vaccination there may be differences between the sexes in terms of protection. Here the authors show that male mice are less well protected by Plasmodium liver stage vaccines compared to female mice and this is due to lower hepatic memory CD8⁺ T cell density and reduced recruitment of these memory T cells, which are affected by the presence of testicular hormones.

Richter’s Transformation is a treatment-resistant and fatal progression from Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) to an aggressive lymphoma. Here, the authors show that PRMT5 is upregulated months prior to and after transformation, PRMT5 overexpression in a CLL mouse model leads to increased risk of transformation, and that targeted PRMT5 inhibition prolongs survival and delays disease development.

The growth of aortic aneurysms can be predicted via a dimensionless physiomarker, derived from first principles and calculated from data acquired via 4D flow magnetic resonance imaging, that describes a transition from stable blood flow to unstable aortic fluttering.

Comparisons of steroid hormone concentrations in dentin samples from fossil mammoth tusks with those from a modern elephant tusk provide evidence of periodic increases in testosterone in the male mammoth characteristic of musth episodes.

Electrical stimulation of the neuromuscular system holds promise for therapeutic biomedical applications, but is currently restricted by power. Here, the authors introduce fully implantable resonator-based designs achieving ±20 V compliance and >300 mW output, enabling multichannel, biphasic, current-controlled operation to evoke functional gate patterns for 6-weeks in freely behaving rats.

Here, the authors report on the thermal and mechanical properties of Ruddlesden-Popper phases (Ban+1ZrnS3n+1, n = 2 and 3) of a perovskite chalcogenide (BaZrS3) that push to extreme limits and defy the century-old relation between thermal conductivity and interatomic bond strength.

Identifying the designers of engineered biological sequences would help promote biotechnological innovation while holding designers accountable. Here the authors present the winners of a 2020 data-science competition which improved on previous attempts to attribute plasmid sequences.

Nie et al. describe a mechanism underlying the degradation of the histone methyltransferase NSD2 through the recruitment of FBXO22 E3 ligase, providing a chemical probe for NSD2 function study and targeted protein degradation.

Single-molecule imaging reveals that peptidoglycan synthesis and synthase activity, rather than FtsZ treadmilling, are rate limiting and drive septum constriction in Staphylococcus aureus.

Lung branching requires differentiation of progenitor cells to be coordinated with morphogenetic events. Zhang et al. find that loss of mTORC1 signaling in the distal SOX9⁺ lung progenitors reduces mitochondrial capacity and ATP production, thus disrupting the formation of the conducting airways without affecting the development of the gas exchange unit.

Deubiquitinases (DUBs) are key signaling enzymes, many of which lack selective inhibitors. Chan et al. pair a DUB-focused covalent library to mass spectrometry activity-based protein profiling, leading to selective hits against 23 endogenous DUBs and a first-in-class VCPIP1 probe with nanomolar potency.

Ozren Bogdanović, Ryan Lister, José Luis Gómez-Skarmeta, Michiel Vermeulen and colleagues report widespread DNA demethylation at developmental enhancers during the phylotypic period in zebrafish, Xenopus and mouse embryos. Their findings suggest a conserved role for Tet proteins and active DNA demethylation in the regulation of phylotypic enhancers.

Coupling of a FREP1 variant to a gene-drive system allows the spread of a host malaria resistance allele through the mosquito population.

CRISPR-based genetic elements can copy themselves across host genomes. Here the authors introduce CopyCatcher, a gene-drive related system for detecting and quantifying somatic gene conversion events.

A Xenopus laevis two-reporter screen identifies the antihelminthic drug pyrvinium as an inhibitor of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway that works by activating CK1α, which is likely working at the level of Pygopus, a core transcriptional component of the Wnt pathway.

Common genetic variants associated with plasma lipids have been extensively studied for a better understanding of common diseases. Here, the authors use whole-genome sequencing of 16,324 individuals to analyze rare variant associations and to determine their monogenic and polygenic contribution to lipid traits.

Here, using metagenomics, the authors show that the gut microbiome of rural Zimbabwean infants undergoes programmed maturation that is unresponsive to sanitation and nutrition interventions but is strongly associated with maternal HIV infection and can moderately predict linear growth.

Whole-genome sequencing is used to analyse the landscape of somatic mutation in intestinal crypts from 16 mammalian species, revealing that rates of somatic mutation inversely scale with the lifespan of the animal across species.

Genome-wide analysis of self-reported dyslexia identifies 42 associated loci, including 27 not previously associated with cognitive traits. Dyslexia shows genetic correlation with ambidexterity but not neuroanatomical measures of language-related circuitry.

Measurements collected during recent polynya events in the Southern Ocean reveal that these sea ice openings formed as a result of weakened stratification and severe storms and were sustained by deep overturning.

The use of biomaterial scaffolds-based cartilage grafts could potentially innovate the Osteoarthritis (OA) treatment, but has been limited by toxicity concerns and invasive surgical procedures. Here, the authors report an injectable and biodegradable piezoelectric hydrogel with ultrasound activation to offer a minimally invasive approach for OA treatment.

Both rare and common variants contribute to the aetiology of complex traits such as type 2 diabetes (T2D). Here, the authors examine the effect of coding variation on glycaemic traits and T2D, and identify low-frequency variation in GLP1Rsignificantly associated with these traits.

Differences in the Pace of Aging are important for many health outcomes but difficult to measure. Here the authors describe the Dunedin Pace of Aging Calculated from NeuroImaging measure, an approach that uses a single brain image to measure how fast a person is aging and can help predict mortality or the risk of developing chronic disease.

Increases in temperature extremes are of major concern for agricultural production. However, this study identifies a connection between agricultural intensification and less extreme summer temperatures over the agriculturally dominated US Midwest.

Pupylation is a bacterial posttranslational modification pathway with functional analogies to ubiquitination. Here, Özceliket al.report the structures of the Pup Ligase, PafA and the Depupylase, Dop. Mutational analysis revealed residues required for catalysis and for the interaction with Pup.

The REX element is associated with long-range enhancer–promoter interactions.

Nguyen et al. show that neuropsin (OPN5) suppresses hyaloid vessel regression in the developing mouse retina in response to light, by regulation of the dopamine reuptake transporter and DRD2-dependent suppression of VEGFR2 activity.

Behavioural and electrophysiological studies in simultaneously thirsty and hungry mice reveal a neural basis for resolving conflicts between needs, in which choices are guided by a persistent and distributed neural goal state that undergoes spontaneous transitions between goals.

The BRAIN Initiative Cell Census Network has constructed a multimodal cell census and atlas of the mammalian primary motor cortex in a landmark effort towards understanding brain cell-type diversity, neural circuit organization and brain function.