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This study examines long-term changes in species richness across tropical forests in the Andes and Amazon. Hotter, drier and more seasonal forests in the eastern and southern Amazon are losing species, while Northern Andean forests are accumulating species, acting as a refuge for climate-displaced species.

A wide survey of pesticide effects on soil biodiversity across 373 sites in Europe reveals that pesticide residues occur in 70% of sites and have major effects on soil biodiversity and functional ecology.

Cerebellar injury in early life can impair the development of motor and social behaviors. Here, the authors show that cerebellar cell types are differentially important for the acquisition of these behaviors in pups and adult mice.

Soil microorganisms play a crucial role in maintaining ecosystem functioning across diverse environments. This study shows that soil properties and specific microbial taxa jointly shape ecosystem functioning across European soils.

Results from the randomized, noncomparative, phase 2 MATISSE trial show that ultra-short neoadjuvant therapy with ipilimumab and nivolumab can prevent surgery and radiotherapy in patients with resectable cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, with an early decrease in total lesion glycolysis by [¹⁸F]FDG-PET/CT associated with response.

Yields vary between different cropping systems, though their temporal stability has not been quantified. Here, Knapp and van der Heijden present a meta-analysis showing that yields in organic agriculture have, per unit food produced, a lower temporal stability.

Wastewater-based surveillance tends to focus on specific pathogens. Here, the authors mapped the wastewater virome from 62 cities worldwide to identify over 2,500 viruses, revealing city-specific virome fingerprints and showing that wastewater metagenomics enables early detection of emerging viruses.

High-dose ipilimumab plus nivolumab in locoregionally advanced urothelial cancer led to a higher pathological complete response rate than low-dose ipilimumab in cohort 2. Presurgical absence of plasma (but not urinary) circulating tumor DNA correlated with clinical outcome.

Spatial positioning of cells within the tumour microenvironment may have a function in the success of immune checkpoint immunotherapy (ICI). Here the authors analyse spatial relationships from immunohistochemistry samples prior to ICI therapy and show that CD8 T cell or macrophage proximity to cancer cells is associated with better responses.

Donor spin states in silicon are good quantum bit candidates due to their long coherence times. Here, the authors use radio frequency reflectometry to measure singlet and triplet states, and to determine the tunnel coupling between few-donor silicon double quantum dots and the electrical leads.

Antimicrobial resistance genes that have been mobilized between bacterial species represent a subset of the naturally occurring resistome. Here, the authors compare the abundance, diversity and geographical patterns of acquired resistance genes with latent resistance genes in global sewage metagenomes.

How long does the average person sleep? Here, Kocevska et al. conducted a meta-analysis including over 1.1 million people to produce age- and sex-specific population reference charts for sleep duration and efficiency.

The use of transcriptomic technologies has led to advances in our understanding of thalamocortical targeting during development. In this Review, Guillamón-Vivancos et al. discuss these advances in the context of how transcriptomic changes and neuronal activity work in concert to drive sensory modality specificity during the development of thalamic sensory nuclei.

On-farm experiments in 54 fields in Switzerland show that inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can promote crop yield, and inoculation success can be predicted using soil microbiome indicators.

Inventory data from more than 1 million trees across African, Amazonian and Southeast Asian tropical forests suggests that, despite their high diversity, just 1,053 species, representing a consistent ~2.2% of tropical tree species in each region, constitute half of Earth’s 800 billion tropical trees.

The use of oncolytic viruses as a therapy for cancer is limited by mechanisms inhibiting viral replication in the tumor. Here, the authors show that a chemical derivative of itaconate, 4-octyl itaconate, increases oncolytic virus VSVΔ51 efficacy in various cancer models, through decreasing antiviral immunity.

Germline de novo mutations can impact individual fitness, but their role in human male infertility is understudied. Trio-based exome sequencing identifies many new candidate genes affecting male fertility, including an essential regulator of male germ cell pre-mRNA splicing.

Comprising data from over 18,000 people, a new atlas of drug–metabolite associations for 87 commonly prescribed drugs and 150 metabolites assessed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance provides a web-based tool to aid research on drug efficacy, safety and repurposing.

The Amazon rainforest is dominated by relatively few tree species, yet the degree to which this hyperdominance influences carbon cycling remains unknown. Here, the authors analyse 530 forest plots and show that ∼1% of species are responsible for 50% of the aboveground carbon storage and productivity.

Analysing >1,700 inventory plots from the Amazon Tree Diversity Network, the authors show that the majority of Amazon tree species can occupy floodplains and that patterns of species turnover are closely linked to regional flood patterns.

Increased crop diversity in rotations reduces nitrogen losses relative to crop yield, making it an effective practice for sustainable farming, based on an analysis of 106 cereal fields across Europe and 56 climatic, soil, microbial, and management variables.

Immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment improves overall survival in metastatic urothelial cancer, but response of individual patients varies significantly. Authors here perform whole-genome DNA and bulk RNA sequencing on samples from metastatic tumours and based on these data, they set up a single metric, T cell-to-stroma enrichment (TSE) score, that reflects the relative abundance of T cells versus stromal cells and their products, accurately predicting therapeutic outcome.

Blood metabolite levels are under the influence of environmental and genetic factors. Here, Hagenbeek et al. perform heritability estimations for metabolite measures and determine the contribution of known metabolite loci to metabolite levels using data from 40 genome-wide association studies.

Subsoils are vital for ecosystem sustainability due to their nutrient stocks and microbial diversity. This study across 40 agricultural sites in China found that, compared with topsoils, subsoils are more sensitive and variable under disturbance, highlighting the need to manage both layers in sustainability efforts.

Combining field data and greenhouse experiments, the authors show how agricultural management practices like fungicide applications can affect the degree to which arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the soil provision phosphorus to plants.

Detecting genomic abnormalities in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) may impact clinical treatment. Here, the authors present whole-genome sequencing of metastatic biopsies from 197 mCRPC patients, highlighting the landscape of microsatellite stability, homologous repair deficiency, and other genomic subgroups.

Liu et al. demonstrate that human-driven soil contamination in natural areas mirrors that in nearby urban greenspaces globally, and highlight the potential influence that soil contaminants have on ecosystem functions.

Geographic patterns in plant growth are probably influenced by soil abiotic and biotic conditions. Here, the authors assess the relationship of a composite soil health index to primary productivity and the underlying environmental predictors across major land-use types in Europe.

Agricultural land-use change affects belowground biodiversity. Here, the authors compare soil microbial communities from natural ecosystems and agricultural systems, finding that agricultural conversion leads to taxonomic and functional homogenisation.

One health links human, animal and environmental health, and microorganisms have a central role in this connection. In this Review, Banerjee and van der Heijden outline the central role of the soil microbiome for one health and its detrimental or beneficial effects.

Neoadjuvant immunotherapy combination in the NABUCCO trial elicits high pathological complete response rates in patients with locoregionally advanced (stage III) urothelial cancer and provides molecular biomarkers of treatment efficacy.

How arable farming affects soil fungal biogeography is poorly understood. Here, the authors find that prevalent fungal groups become more abundant, whereas rare groups become fewer or absent in arable lands across Europe, suggesting a biotic homogenization due to arable farming.