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A Monte Carlo Potts model was developed to simulate solidification and grain growth within a single algorithm with low computational cost. The model can quantitatively describe solidification behavior and microstructural morphology across scales.

Creating 2D Janus MXenes requires precursor MAX phases without mirror symmetry. This study synthesizes an asymmetric out-of-plane MAX phase as a promising precursor, verifying its structure via electron microscopy and Reverse Monte Carlo modelling.

The CMS experiment at CERN reports one of the highest-precision measurements of the W boson mass, finding it in line with standard model predictions and at odds with recent anomalous measurements.

Global Burden of Disease analysis found that in 2023, suboptimal diet was estimated to be responsible for 4 million deaths and 97 million morbidity burdens from ischemic heart disease.

Low retention of transplanted stem cells limits their clinical application. Here, the authors develop a nanoparticle-based strategy that increases cell density to enhance retention, improve tissue regeneration, and reduce fibrosis through modulation of cellular density and physical forces.

Efficient hydrogen production using water electrolysis is limited by poor electrode design and durability. Here, the authors report a tape-cast nickel–iron electrode with integrated catalytic and transport functions that delivers high current density and long-term stability through an improved architecture.

Global analysis of obesity trends from 1980 to 2024 in 200 countries and territories using data from 4,050 population-based studies reveals that framing obesity as a single global epidemic masks the highly varied dynamics across countries and age groups.

Moisture stability is a challenge for perovskite solar cells. Min-Ho Lee et al. design an electron-donating polymer with a deep highest occupied molecular orbital that enhances the devices’ resistance to moisture.

AI image generation is limited by conflicting needs for stochastic sampling and deterministic decoding. Koo et al. present a ferroelectric tunnel junction array using controllable random telegraph noise and nonvolatile multilevel conductance to unify both functions, enabling high-quality digit and facial image synthesis.

Eun-Ho Lee and Hyungpil Moon talk to Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering about AI robotics applications in manufacturing systems at Sungkyunkwan University, including work integrating factory data, artificial intelligence (AI), robotics and equipment tailored to real-world manufacturing needs.

Homologous recombination (HR) safeguards genome stability, but the regulation of HR proteins remains unclear. Here, the authors show that the compound UNI418 inhibits lipid kinases PIKfyve and PIP5K1C, reducing IP6 levels and triggering Cul4A–WDR5 dependent degradation of HR proteins, thereby suppressing HR and overcoming PARP inhibitor resistance.

While similarity search algorithms show great potential for data mining applications, their direct hardware implementation remains challenging. Through hardware-algorithm co-design, Shin et al. propose a dual-domain architecture supporting both digital and analog processing, enabling energy-efficient similarity search.

Multi-valued logic (MVL) devices hold promise to reduce the footprint and energy consumption of future electronic circuits. Here, the authors report the realization of zero differential transconductance plateau transistors based on 2D materials/CoFe₂O₄ heterojunctions, showing their application for MVL devices.

Bidirectional regulation of CA3 pyramidal cell excitability by two different synaptic inputs supports sequence learning by providing controlled ensemble overlap between sequential events even if they are discontinuous.

Water-floating nanotransfer printing (WF-nTP) is proposed for transferring nanostructures onto three-dimensional substrates. Using WFnTP, an Au SERS nanomesh for pesticide detection on plants and a Pd-based hydrogen gas sensor are demonstrated.

Neuromorphic computing hardware normally makes an unideal trade-off between energy efficiency, scalability and reliability. Kim et al. report a ferroelectric heterostructure based memristor with near-zero nonlinearity, endurance beyond 10E7 cycles, rectifying ratio exceeding 10E6 and sub-pA off-current.

This study shows that primary cilia in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, by inhibiting AgRP neuronal activity, are essential for butyrate’s effects of suppressing appetite and enhancing glucose metabolism.

As presented at the European Congress on Obesity, this randomized, placebo-controlled trial demonstrates that oral orforglipron, a nonpeptide GLP-1 receptor agonist, preserves weight loss and cardiometabolic benefits achieved with injectable GLP-1 receptor agonist therapies, making it a viable oral maintenance strategy.

The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative (TPMI) has built a cohort of more than half a million individuals with Han Chinese ancestry, providing a rich resource of genetic and medical data for this group.

This paper demonstrates that high-pressure homogenization is a rapid and scalable process for delaminating a multilayer MXene into few-layer nanosheets, followed by improved functionalization with catechol-based ligands due to surface accessibility.

Estimates from the Global Burden of Disease study reveal declines in chronic respiratory disease mortality between 1990 and 2023—especially during the COVID-19 pandemic—but the burdens on people affected remain substantial.

Reis and colleagues demonstrated that targeting fibroblast activation protein by CD40 agonist was feasible and safe in patients with advanced solid tumors.

An artificial retina consisting of near-infrared-sensitive phototransistors and three-dimensional liquid metal electrodes can be adhered to the epiretinal surface to stimulate retinal ganglion cells, extending vision in mice with a retinal degenerative disease.

Global Burden of Disease estimates show that between 1990 and 2023, the prevalence and burden of drug use disorders, inclusive of amphetamine, cannabis, cocaine and opioid use, have been increasing in high-income countries, particularly in the USA.

The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative recruited and genotyped more than half a million Taiwanese participants, almost all of Han Chinese ancestry, and performed comprehensive genomic analyses and developed polygenic risk score prediction models for numerous health conditions.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

A large-scale study on the replicability of claims from social and behavioural science journals reports that about half of the results replicate in the same patterns as the original study.

ATF6α activation in human and preclinical models of hepatocellular carcinoma is significantly associated with an aggressive tumour phenotype characterized by reduced survival, glycolytic reprogramming and local immunosuppression.

Robustness checks and reproduction of analyses with existing and updated data based on 110 articles in economics and political science journals with data and code-sharing requirements found high levels of robustness and reproducibility and determined that robustness was not dependent on author characteristics or data availability.

Here, the authors map malignant and non-malignant cellular states in human glioma using integrated single-cell and spatial transcriptomics, revealing spatially organized tumor-microenvironment interactions and distinct oligodendrocyte-associated programs linked to disease progression.

Here the authors reveal a study of 486,956 Han Chinese individuals showing that most people with genetic variants affecting drug response do not have the predicted adverse events, highlighting the challenges of implementing pharmacogenetics in clinical practice.

The synthesis of sequence-regulated oligosulfates has not yet been established due to the difficulties in precise reactivity control. Here, the authors report a multi-directional divergent iterative method to furnish oligosulfates based on a chain homologation approach, in which the fluorosulfate unit is regenerated.

CRISPR–Cas9 immunity relies on forming a Cas9–crRNA–tracrRNA ribonucleoprotein complex. Here, the authors show that AcrIIA7 blocks this process by binding tracrRNA, preventing its pairing with crRNA.