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While EGFR mutations are drivers of cancer, the function of extracellular domain mutations remains poorly defined. Here, the authors show that the R252C extracellular mutation induces conformational change of EGFR to directly activate ERK and promote cancer growth, which can be targeted by afatinib.

Defining non-native populations is essential yet challenging in freshwater systems, where policy relies on administrative borders and science on ecological units. This mismatch complicates regulation, risk assessment and biosecurity. We propose a basin-first, population-level classification that distinguishes intrabasin from interbasin nativity to better support coherent, ecologically grounded policy and management.

Unfairness in AI healthcare models arise from biased correlations between sensitive attributes and disease data. Here, the authors show that the Attribute Neutral Framework reduces these biases and enhances fairness without compromising diagnostic accuracy.

Prostate cancer diagnosis require MRI analysis, however, scoring can vary between clinicians. Here, the authors develop ProAI to detect prostate cancer from imaging.

The authors demonstrate that a cell’s external environment can physically control its genes. Osmotic pressure alters intranuclear crowding, shifting the equilibrium of proteins binding to dCas9-SunTag complex and thereby regulating gene expression.

The thyroid plays an important role in pregnancy and body temperature maintenance, and both ambient temperature and thyrotropin levels have been reported to associate with risk of preterm birth. Here the authors report that in a nationwide cohort from China biothermal stress during each trimester was associated with increased risks of preterm birth, with synergistic interactions with preconceptional thyrotropin abnormalities.

A light-inducible RNA base editor fine-tunes gene expression for therapeutics.

How metabolic signals are sensed by the cell cycle machinery remains unclear. Here, the authors demonstrate that the glycolytic enzyme PFKM acts as a citrate sensor to promote mitosis, coupling metabolic activity to cell cycle regulation.

The role of phosphorylated CTD interacting factor-1 (PCIF1) in neuropathic pain-anxiety comorbidity remains elusive. Here, authors identify the SERBP1–PCIF1 complex, which targets m6Am modification in glutamatergic neurons of the S1HL, as a potential therapeutic target.

Tandem repeats (TRs) have unique ability to drive a range of phenotype variations. Here, the authors survey rice TR variations based on 231 genome assemblies and the rice pan-genome graph, identify TR variations associated with expressed genes, and reveal expression TRs contributed to rice agronomic trait variations.

Acidic CO₂ electroreduction suffers poor selectivity for multi-carbon products. Here, the authors report that lengthening the 2-position substituents of benzimidazole-based copper coordination polymer precatalysts retards H⁺ diffusion, reduces Cu-Cu coordination numbers, and promotes C-C coupling.

Wang et al at introduce a dynamic, network-based tool to predict the risk of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis. The model integrates expert knowledge with data-driven insights to enable early prediction and risk stratification across diverse patient populations.

Here, the authors perform a pan-genome-based genome-wide meta-analysis of six independent GWAS experiments in rice, demonstrating the potential of this approach to increase understanding of the genetic basis of, and genes underlying key rice traits.

Single-cell sequencing reveals cellular heterogeneity but is challenged by technical noise and batch effects. Here, authors present CellFM, an 800-million-parameter foundation model trained on 100 million human cells through the MindSpore framework, which outperforms existing models in downstream tasks.

The authors realize generation of out-of-plane polarized spin current in perovskite oxide CaRuO₃ with reduced crystal symmetry by engineering the oxygen octahedra, which can drive efficient field-free switching of perpendicular magnetization.

Mask-free multi-photon lithography allows the straightforward fabrication of nanostructures, but high precision and good resolution can be challenging to achieve. Here, the authors report a combination of photo-inhibition and chemical quenchers for improved lithography performance.

Precipitation impacts leaf senescence. Here, the authors use carbon flux and satellite data to demonstrate that reduced precipitation frequency is associated with a faster drought response in trees and show that Earth system models don’t capture the impact of reduced precipitation.

The molecular mechanisms underlying relapse in pediatric B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) patients remain to be explored. Here, the authors characterise the chromatin accessibility landscape of B-ALL and identify subtype and drug response specific patterns.

Zhou and colleagues demonstrate that thiopurine chemotherapy in mismatch repair-deficient ALL cells leads to R248Q TP53 mutations and clonal selection that favors on-treatment ALL relapse and chemoresistance.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are present in circulation at relatively early stages of disease, providing potential opportunities for early cancer diagnosis. Here, the authors report a covalent chemistry-based hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)-specific EV purification system for early detection of HCC by performing digital scoring on the purified EVs.

Insect salivary protein (BISP) targets OsRLCK185 to suppress defence in susceptible plants, whereas in resistant plants BISP binds BPH14 to activate host plant resistance. To restore cellular homeostasis, the resistance mechanism is fine-tuned by selective autophagy.

The Enzyme Commission (EC) number is a commonly used method for defining enzyme function. Here, authors propose GraphEC, a geometric graph learning-based EC number predictor to identify unannotated enzyme functions, predict their active sites, and determine their optimal pH.

Here the authors report EModelX, a fully automated method for modeling protein structures using cryoEM data. By aligning cryo-EM maps with protein sequences through deep learning, it achieves near-atomic precision and outperforms existing methods.

Single-cell transcriptomics of human lung tissue from individuals with tuberculosis identifies signatures of inflammation, apoptosis and senescence affecting immune, epithelial and endothelial cells linked with long-term pulmonary impairment.

Understanding the mutation landscape of cancer may enable the development of more targeted therapies. Here, the authors sequence a panel of genes in a large Asian cohort and compare to American cohorts and find 64% of the Asian patients have actionable mutations.

In this study the authors explore the enigma of GTP-triggered microtubule assembly. The proposed flexible model emphasizes longitudinal and lateral contacts, enhancing our understanding of microtubule nucleation and assembly.

Metal-bound organic carbon dominating soil organic carbon stability does not follow the pattern of greater content equating to stronger effect, rather it is strongly regulated by soil pH, according to an experiment with 16 soil profiles spanning 1500 km in northern China.

Heteroatom doping is a widely used modification method for carbon-based catalysts. Now, chemically defined sp-hybridized nitrogen atoms have been selectively introduced to the acetylene groups in ultrathin graphdiynes, resulting in good catalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction in both alkaline and acidic media.