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Li, Huo, Zhang, Liu and colleagues report that the transcripts of genes involved in haematopoietic stem cell function share a protective mechanism against RNA decay through a non-canonical function of NAT10, independent of its N⁴-acetylcytidine catalytic activity.

Global analysis of obesity trends from 1980 to 2024 in 200 countries and territories using data from 4,050 population-based studies reveals that framing obesity as a single global epidemic masks the highly varied dynamics across countries and age groups.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with chemotherapy have demonstrated significant benefits in treating triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). In this study, the authors present results from a randomized phase II trial evaluating the platinum-based and DNA-damaging agent carboplatin in combination with nivolumab in patients with metastatic TNBC.

This study shows that only about one-third of CMIP6 models, those with a more northern ITCZ mean position closer to the observed climatology, simulate a southward ITCZ shift consistent with the observations, which requires a substantial AMOC weakening along with a warmer base state.

Second-line CAR T cell therapies have become standard-of-care treatments for relapsed or refractory large B-cell lymphomas (LBCL). However, real-world evidence on the efficacy and immunological phenotypes is limited. Here, the authors present a retrospective single-center study of 64 patients treated with axi-cel or liso-cel and report efficacy and safety readouts. By performing immunophenotypic analysis on samples from apheresis and post CAR T cell infusion, the authors also investigate how the magnitude of CAR T expansion and early phenotypic features influence persistence and therapeutic outcomes.

Chemically induced dimerization (CID) systems allow control over cellular processes. Here, the authors present a proof-of-principle demonstration that a complete CID system can be de novo designed, reporting a designed ligand and protein pair where a protein homodimer is induced by a macrocyclic peptide.

Human coronavirus HCoV-OC43, a prevalent cause of the common cold, shows differences between clinical isolates and tissue culture-adapted strains, raising concerns about the latter’s validity as a model. Here, the authors find that clinical isolates possess unique spike protein features affecting carbohydrate-binding properties, suggesting shared adaptation mechanisms with HCoV-HKU1 to the human sialoglycome.

Li, Tao, and colleagues present epi-Patho-DBiT to spatially map chromatin accessibility and histone modifications in archived human lymphoma tissues, revealing epigenetic drivers of lymphoma development, progression and transformation.

ADAR1, an RNA-editing enzyme, can contribute to immunotherapy resistance by suppressing interferon signaling. This study shows that all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) promotes ADAR1 degradation, supporting ATRA combined with PD-L1 blockade as a potential therapeutic strategy.

Biomass electro-hydrogenation offers a sustainable route to value-added chemicals but suffers poor selectivity at high current densities. Here, the authors report an amide-functionalized Cu₃N catalyst enabling near-quantitative HMF-to-DHMF conversion under industrially relevant conditions.

This study identifies a spatiotemporal continuum of structural connectivity development along the sensorimotor-association connectional axis during youth and further demonstrates its implications in both cognition and psychopathology.

Ketogenic diet (KD) generates β-hydroxybutyrate metabolites and has been shown to have context-dependent immunomodulatory effects. However, the effects of KD on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are controversial. Here, the authors investigate the pathogenic effects of KD in a preclinical model of DSS-induced colitis and identify a β-HB-Thomasclavelia spiroformis-γδ17 T cell axis that exacerbates inflammation and mucosal damage.

This study reconstructs Earth’s temperature over the past 539 million years by integrating rock chemistry and climate models, showing that global temperatures remained within ~10–30 °C, challenging ideas of anomalously high early Paleozoic climates.

Designing high performance elastomers are promising for multifunctional materials, though existing materials have unfavorable mechanical properties. Here the others design a cellulose based liquid crystal elastomer system affording a biodegradable material with mechanochromic properties.

The mechanisms of collagen export from the ER are poorly understood. Here, the authors show that collagen transport initiation induces site-specific O-GlcNAcylation of the COPII protein Sec24D, remodeling its interactome and facilitating trafficking.

Molecular precursors containing V, Bi and Zn are thermally transformed into oxide materials. Detailed studies reveal and characterise the formation of amorphous intermediates, a new kinetic polymorph of BiVO₄, and incorporation of Zn dopants.

The potency of a class of RAF kinase inhibitors was found to depend on cancer cell signaling activity. This insight informed reengineering of a clinically approved MEK inhibitor to block this cancer-driving pathway more effectively in combination.

Density-dependent population regulation is widespread in animals. Here, the authors identify cathepsin B cysteine protease as a crowd-responding factor that induces increased genome mutagenesis, leading competitive growth in response to overpopulation.

Research on perovskite solar cells shows that scaling up production will require faster, more reliable film-making methods. This work introduces a simple high-rate process that forms high-quality wide-bandgap films for efficient single-junction and tandem devices.

The fungus Candida albicans is ubiquitous and usually harmless in the human gut, but can also cause systemic infection. Here, Kakade et al. show that fungal secretion of an immunomodulatory toxin, candidalysin, activates a host IL-17-DUOX2 axis that regulates C. albicans colonization of the intestine.

Native top-down proteomics reveals epidermal growth factor receptor–estrogen receptor-alpha (EGFR–ER) signaling crosstalk in breast cancer cells and dissociation of nuclear transport factor 2 (NUTF2) dimers to modulate ER signaling and cell growth.

Using time-resolved cryo-EM, this study captures fibrillar collagen assembly as it matures from a metastable to a stable state, shedding light on tissue maintenance and disease-linked defects.

Sorbic acid is a widely used food preservative, yet its industrial production lacks a sustainable microbial route. Here the authors identify the biosynthetic pathway of sorbic acid and engineer yeast for its efficient production.

Here the authors reveal a large-scale multi-ancestry genome-wide association study (GWAS) that identifies 11 new risk loci for kidney cancer, including one specific to Chinese populations.

Transposable elements drive genome evolution in clonal fungal pathogens. Here, Dijkstra et al. describe large genomic deletions in an isolate of the banana pathogen Fusarium oxysporum TR4, which alter the metabolic profile and are associated with the activity of a Helitron transposable element.

An electrothermal fluorination methodology has been developed to transform granular activated carbon-sorbed aqueous film-forming foam waste into graphene and a fluorinating reagent, subsequently enabling lithium recovery from brine sources.

Penicillin derivatives remain among the most widely prescribed antibiotics. In this study, the authors report an alternative pathway to penicillins that uses standalone ligase and epimerase enzymes to generate peptide precursors, which can be transformed into penicillin derivatives using an engineered isopenicillin N synthase enzyme, providing direct access to therapeutically relevant penicillin G, penicillin V and ampicillin, which are currently produced by semisynthesis.

Plants use CARD1/HPCA1 to detect signals such as quinones and ROS, but how they distinguish them was unclear. Here, the authors show CARD1 uses a copper-based mechanism for H₂O₂ sensing, revealing a metal-dependent mode of ROS perception in plants.

Most wood adhesives are formaldehyde-based, which is toxic, and requires energy intensive hot-pressing with long curing cycles. Here, the authors develop a cellulose-based homologous active adhesive which cures under ambient hydration, eliminating toxic emissions and reducing energy consumption.

Lu and colleagues present a detergent-free labeling method using modified aptamers to identify brain cell types at scale. This technique preserves cellular ultrastructure, allowing molecular information to be integrated into large-scale connectomics.

Large-scale genomic surveillance of Plasmodium falciparum malaria is needed to track the spread of antimalarial drug resistance. Here, the authors develop a rapid and cost-effective nanopore sequencing method and deploy it across sub-Saharan Africa.

Native state proteomics of PV interneurons revealed unique molecular features of high translational and metabolic activity, and enrichment of Alzheimer’s risk genes. Early amyloid pathology exerted unique effects on mitochondria, mTOR signaling and neurotransmission in PV neurons.

The MAYA trial utilized temozolomide in microsatellite stable (MSS) colorectal cancers (CRC) sensitizing them to immune checkpoint inhibition. Here, the integration of spatial, transcriptomic, and immune profiling of longitudinal tumor and blood samples identify molecular determinants of therapeutic response in MSS-CRC.

The authors present measurements of magnetotropic susceptibility in UTe2, a quantity that is sensitive to magnetic susceptibility in a direction transverse to the applied magnetic field. At high magnetic fields, they observe a large increase in the transverse magnetic susceptibility, likely arising from ferromagnetic spin fluctuations

Aqueous two-phase systems have potential as biomimetic materials, but often lack stability and are prone to collapse. Here, the authors use interfacial assembly of chitin nanofibres and cellulose nanocrystals to prepare a biobased system with permeability and switchable motility.

The authors introduce controlled compositional heterogeneity to broaden polarization vector distributions while preserving the antiferroelectric modulation in PbZrO₃-based ceramics. They reduce polarization hysteresis while maintaining high polarization strength.

How low-energy particles are pre-accelerated and injected into the diffusive shock acceleration process has long been a mystery. Here, the authors show the shock discontinuity interaction induces intense electron acceleration and may be a solution.

Global Burden of Disease analysis found that in 2023, suboptimal diet was estimated to be responsible for 4 million deaths and 97 million morbidity burdens from ischemic heart disease.

Early human heart development is shaped by biomechanical cues that are difficult to study in vivo. Here, authors engineer a perfusable 3D-bioprinted model of the embryonic heart tube for in vitro modelling of early human heart development.

The use of antimicrobial agents can exacerbate the proliferation of antimicrobial resistance genes, which can put public health at risk; evaluating this risk requires proper monitoring. An extensive investigation of Australian wastewater reveals a distinct correlation between the type of antimicrobial used and the socioeconomic status of the population.

This study describes that cardiolipin deficiency-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in T_reg cells impairs gut–immune tolerance.

Heinlein et al. show in colorectal cancer that cells with high-MAPK and low-WNT transcriptional activity are highly metastatic and initiate dissemination to the lung and liver, which could be suppressed with KRAS inhibitors.

In a prospective cohort of 166 participants (and in a 63-participant validation cohort), dermal α-synuclein and 4-repeat tau seed amplification, combined with serum neurofilament light chain assays, were able to identify parkinsonian syndromes.

The properties of metal–organic framework glasses can be modulated by additives, but understanding how they modify the glass network is challenging. Now, alkali-modifier sites in MOF glasses have been identified, and the impact of both modifier content and identity on the processing temperatures and hierarchical porosity has been examined.

Whole-genome data from 249 yellow-eyed penguins (hoiho) identify three lineages with high geographical and genomic divergence, and candidate gene variants associated with differential susceptibility to neonatal respiratory distress syndrome.

Dorzagliatin and empagliflozin combination therapy may improve β-cell function and insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity. Here, the authors show that combination therapy exhibits a favorable safety profile with no PK interaction.

Replicating enzyme function with minimal components is a major challenge in abiotic mimicry. Here, the authors show that liquid gallium droplets act as tunable artificial nucleases, cleaving DNA with nucleotide bias via oxide-mediated adsorption and hydroxyl radical-assisted hydrolysis.