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Early life RSV infection contributes to risk of childhood asthma. Here, the authors develop a statistical model to predict age at first RSV infection in the United States based on birthdate, demographics, and RSV surveillance data which could be used to identify groups at risk of chronic respiratory sequalae like asthma.

In mice, DHPS supports the maturation, maintenance and function of tissue-resident macrophages via the polyamine–hypusine axis, with implications for macrophage-targeting therapies.

Warm Atlantic Water was a major driver of both initial NEGIS retreat from 21.6 ka BP and the collapse of its ice shelf ~15.2 ka BP. This study demonstrates the key role of ice-ocean interactions in controlling ice-sheet retreat.

Young individuals with a history of self-harm exhibit heightened electrodermal activity in response to neutral and stress-related stimuli, extending our understanding of the biophysiological factors for self-harm vulnerability.

Convergent selection between crops can help to identify genetic variants with important roles in adaptation as a source of diversity for the improvement of cultivated species through the concept of inter-crop translational research for breeding.

A new, nearly complete fossil skull of Vegavis from the James Ross Basin, Antarctic Peninsula, provides insight into its feeding ecology and exhibits morphologies that support placement among waterfowl within crown-group birds.

Assessing the value of genomics is key to informing evidence-based policies; this Review outlines how current approaches to health technology assessment, implementation and data management can be adapted to suit the rapidly evolving technology and evidence base.

Analysis of the stellar population properties of 30 host galaxies of fast radio bursts (FRBs) suggests an abundance of FRBs in massive star-forming galaxies, and implies that the formation of FRB sources—magnetars—is linked to core-collapse supernovae of stellar merger remnants.

A meta-analysis of the make-up and properties of transwell and microfluidic models of the human blood–brain barrier reveals the factors that are necessary for the recapitulation of the barrier’s healthy and diseased states.

Trifluoromethylation is a key transformation, particularly for pharmaceuticals, but many reagents are expensive and difficult to scale up. Here, the authors show that trifluoroacetic anhydride can act as a CF₃source, allowing the radical reactions to be easily and inexpensively carried out at scale.

This Article provides an overview of the Dispersed Matter Planet Project, a programme to discover close-in exoplanets being ablated by their host stars by means of the stars’ anomalously low chromospheric emission. One example is presented here: DMPP-2 hosts a sub-Jupiter-mass planet around a γ Doradus pulsator.

This study uses gene expression predictors for the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and other brain regions to perform a transcriptomic imputation analysis of schizophrenia, identifying 413 genic associations across 13 brain regions and 36 significantly enriched pathways.

The activity of the tumour-suppressor protein p53 is repressed in the thymus to augment fluctuations in background chromatin accessibility as a means of mediating ectopic gene expression and immune tolerance.

A high-resolution, global atlas of mortality of children under five years of age between 2000 and 2017 highlights subnational geographical inequalities in the distribution, rates and absolute counts of child deaths by age.

Analysis of a newly sequenced genome of the inshore hagfish, Eptatretus burgeri, together with genomes of lampreys and jawed vertebrates, provides insights into whole-genome duplication events and their implications for vertebrate genome evolution.

A platform for the continuous selection of protein aggregation inhibitors from genetically encoded cyclic peptide libraries in Escherichia coli was developed. This platform was used to discover cyclic peptides that suppress aggregation of amyloid-β42 and human islet amyloid polypeptide.

This study reports the characterization of a double white dwarf that will explode as a type Ia supernova on our Galactic doorstep. Given that the source is so close, this event would outshine all stars in the sky, with an apparent magnitude of −16.

The mechanisms underlying CD8⁺ T cells exhaustion during chronic infection and tumor progression formation remain unclear. Here, the authors demonstrate that Gfi1 acts as a chromatin remodeler during the transition from progenitor to terminally exhausted T cells in chronic infection and mediates the formation of terminally differentiated TILs and the efficacy of anti-CTLA-4 for tumor treatment.

Automated pathotyping of synovial tissue in arthritis is a major unmet need. Here, the authors develop and demonstrate the efficacy of an automated tissue and cellular pathotyping tool for inflammatory arthritis.

Using a large cosmological sample of FRBs, Connor et al. have located many of the Universe’s unseen baryons, finding that most reside in the diffuse intergalactic medium, not galaxies—confirming the strong astrophysical feedback seen in simulations.

Understanding species’ spatiotemporal dynamics is key to predicting their responses to climate change. Here, the authors combine landscape genomics, demographic reconstructions, and species distribution models to assess lineage-specific responses to past and future climate in a migratory raptor.

Shocked compression experiments support the melt line of nickel above that of iron, as recently theorised, which helps to constrain the behavior of nickel at conditions relevant to Earth’s core where it makes up 5-20 wt %

This paper proposes a research agenda towards the more just, equitable and effective integration of gender into blue carbon initiatives. It is a call-to-action towards closing the gender gap in the conservation and restoration of these ecosystems.

A systematic review of evidence, across the key pillars of prevention, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis, outlines milestones that need to be met to enable the broad clinical implementation of precision medicine in diabetes care.

Star-shaped engineered peptide nanoparticles are effective at killing a variety of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens in vivo with low host toxicity and resistance.

Relatives of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis have an unexpectedly high incidence of schizophrenia. Here, the authors show a genetic link between the two conditions, suggesting shared neurobiological mechanisms.

The physical architectures of information storage dictate how data is encoded, organised and accessed. Here the authors use DNA with a single-strand overhang as a physical address to access specific data and do in-storage file operations in a scalable and reusuable manner.

Single-cell analysis of lung, heart, kidney and liver autopsy samples shows the molecular and cellular changes and immune response resulting from severe COVID-19 infection.

The pseudokinase MLKL is activated by the upstream kinase RIPK3 in the necroptotic pathway but the structural basis of MLKL activation is not well understood yet. Here, the authors present the crystal structures of the human RIPK3:MLKL complex and human RIPK3 kinase alone, which reveal structural differences between human and murine RIPK3 and they discuss mechanistic implications.

Alveolar epithelial progenitors in the lungs can regenerate the epithelial surface after acute injury. Here they generate lung organoids that can be used to study lung regeneration after injury and identify Nkx2-1 as a key regulator of alveolar progenitor activation.

The third target of the Dispersed Matter Planet Project, DMPP-3, is an unusual binary system containing a solar-type star ablating a super-Earth-mass planet, along with a very low mass secondary.

Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors are widely used both in the clinic and for basic research aimed at dissecting the specific cellular functions of specific CDKs. Here, the authors report the development of a panel of fluorescent reporter probes and provide a comprehensive profile of the inhibitory activity of several CDK inhibitors towards all 21 CDKs in living cells.

Single strand breaks represent the most common form of DNA damage yet no methods to map them in a genome-wide fashion at single nucleotide resolution exist. Here the authors develop such a method and apply to uncover patterns of single-strand DNA “breakome” in different biological conditions.

Trefoil factors (TFFs) protect the mucosa and have various reported binding activities, but whether they share a common interaction mechanism has remained unclear. Here, the authors provide structural and biochemical evidence that all three human TFFs are divalent lectins that recognise the same disaccharide.

The cryo-EM structure of Mycobacterium smegmatis arabinosyltransferase B EmbB involved in mycobacterial cell wall biosynthesis provides insights into the substrate binding and reaction mechanism. Mapping of the ethambutol resistance associated mutations onto the structure suggests the location of the drug binding site.

Observations from the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter reveal the Moon’s Shackleton crater to be an ancient, unusually well-preserved simple crater whose interior walls are younger than its floor and rim; the relative brightness of the floor at 1,064 nanometres is most readily explained by minimal volatile accumulation since crater formation and decreased space weathering due to permanent shadow.

Atmospheric circulation shifts during the Little Ice Age led to greater typhoon generation in the tropical North Pacific according to a comparison of sediment proxy records of past storm activity and outputs of general circulation models.

In this Review article, Vince et al. focus on recent developments in necroptotic cell death in health and disease.

Elevated extrinsic tissue-scale forces can drive pathological foreign-body responses to implants, mediated by the Rac2-mediated activation of a subpopulation of mechanoresponsive myeloid cells.

Segal and colleagues identify a population of immature neutrophils as having regenerative properties on injured neurons and being capable of inducing axon regeneration. These findings suggest potential strategies for restoring lost neurological functions in central nervous system disorders.

An implantable array of LEDs called the Opto-Array facilitates optogenetic manipulations in the nonhuman primate brain.

Squamous cell lung cancer has dismal prognosis due to the dearth of effective treatments. Here, the authors perform an integrated proteogenomic analysis of the disease, revealing three proteomics-based subtypes and suggesting potential therapeutic opportunities.

Recent experiments on the dynamical charge response of strange metals reveal unusual features such as momentum-independent continuum of excitations and unconventional plasmon decay. Here the authors present a phenomenological theory based on the analogy to classical fluids near a jamming-like transition.

Analyses of samples from patients with acute myeloid leukaemia reveal that drug response is associated with mutational status and gene expression; the generated dataset provides a basis for future clinical and functional studies of this disease.

Diet and food intake have been associated with a risk of developing different types of cancer but individual nutritional epidemiology studies are prone to inherent bias. Here, the authors perform an umbrella review of meta-analyses of observational studies and show the level of evidence for associating food and nutrients to cancer risk.

Molecular and physiological phenotypes in mouse models of myotonic dystrophy type I can be sustainably reversed by CRISPR-mediated targeting of toxic RNA repeats.