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This study identifies protein signatures of pediatric obesity linked to cardiometabolic risk, shows treatment-related changes, and highlights a three-protein panel predictive of steatotic liver disease for early diagnosis

Plant traits drive ecosystem dynamics yet are challenging to map globally due to sparse measurements. Here, the authors combine crowdsourced biodiversity observations with Earth observation data to accurately map 31 plant traits at 1 km² resolution.

This study applies a global food and land system modelling framework to quantify the impact of 23 food system measures on 15 outcome indicators related to public health, the environment, social inclusion and the economy—from today until 2050.

Single cell transcriptomics can be used to identify genes associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and computational models can be used to identify gene networks. Here the authors identify networks of dysregulated genes in T2D and the biological processes involved, further demonstrating the functional context of the identified genes.

An investigation of plant receptor-like kinases identifies regions of these proteins that control whether immune or symbiotic signalling pathways are activated, with minimal changes to specific residues in one of these regions being sufficient to alter signalling specificity.

Earthquakes influence the amount of hydrothermal iron entering the ocean over the Australian Antarctic Ridge, which can support phytoplankton blooms by relieving surface iron limitation, according to observations combined with surface particle tracking.

Achieving the Paris Agreement’s climate goals depends on safeguarding and monitoring the permanence of forest carbon stocks, as delays in addressing their vulnerability to disturbances drastically increase mitigation costs and efforts.

Previous genome-wide association studies have identified loci associated with the risk of multiple myeloma. Here, the authors present a meta-analysis of six genome wide association studies of the disease and identify eight new loci; functional studies identify genes as candidates for the basis of these associations.

Discovery, biochemical and structural characterization of exoglycosidases from Akkermansia muciniphila reveals combinations that efficiently target extended A and B blood group antigens to produce ABO-universal blood for transfusions.

This work challenges the view of nucleation governing halide perovskite grain morphology, showing that most additives act post-nucleation by boosting ion mobility across grain boundaries, triggering grain coarsening, similar to post-processing effects.

Insulin resistance and lower muscle strength in relation to mass are hallmarks of type 2 diabetes. Here, the authors report alterations in muscle stem cells from individuals with type 2 diabetes that may contribute to these phenotypes through VPS39 mediated effects on autophagy and epigenetics.

The rare loss-of-function allele p.Arg138* in SLC30A8 (encoding ZnT8) mediates protection against type 2 diabetes (T2D) through promoting better insulin secretion and enhanced glucose responsiveness, suggesting ZnT8 as a target for T2D treatment.

Studies of the physiological effects of metabolites often rely on injections of metabolite salts. In this study, Lund et al. show that the hypertonicity of the injected solutions can drive the metabolic effects attributed to pharmacological administration of lactate. This work highlights the importance of taking treatment osmolarity and counterions into account in the experimental design.

Fungal and Oomycota pathogens of plants threaten food security. Here, Turella et al show that Phytophthora plant pathogens can oxidate oligogalacturonides to overcome plant immunity by blocking sensing of pectin degradation.

Achieving net-zero climate targets requires substantial land for carbon dioxide removal. This paper quantifies the land area in countries’ climate pledges at approximately 1 billion hectares, often involving the conversion of existing land uses to forests.

Successful skeletal muscle regeneration involves a complex and finely tuned inter-cellular response. Here, by using spatial transcriptomics, the authors identify an intercellular communication axis between fibro-adipogenic progenitors and macrophages to enhance macrophage-mediated tissue repair.

Technologies could aid active and healthy aging but their development and implementation requires knowledge of user preferences. In this study, the authors conducted a Swedish national survey across three generations to understand attitudes toward technologies.

Pure hydrocarbons with properties that can be switched by external stimuli are interesting for the design and development of new responsive materials. Here, the authors develop an oligomeric [8]annulene-based material that combines topological switching upon redox changes with structural simplicity, stability, and straightforward synthesis.

Using iron instead of the scarce ruthenium in light-harvesting complexes is challenging because iron complexes generally have short-lived excited states. Now an iron complex has been developed that has a long-lived excited state, which can lead to photo-induced electron injection into nanoporous TiO₂ with a yield of 92%.

Overfeeding triggers a mechanistically ill-defined compensatory response that counteracts weight gain. Here, the authors show that the defence against overfeeding is preserved in obesity, and that it is independent from FGF21 and MC4R.

Patients with a mutant thyroid hormone receptor α1 are treated with high-dose thyroxine, but their heart rate remains low. Here, the authors show that the mutant receptor triggers cardiac reprogramming in the embryo, which prevents the response of specific ion channels and heart rate to the hormone.

The secretory pathway is used in the production of most biopharmaceuticals, but the associated biosynthetic costs are little understood. Here, the authors integrate the core secretory pathway into genome-scale metabolic models of human, mouse, and CHO cells, enabling in silico analysis.

This Perspective reviews tools developed over the past five years in the macromolecular modeling, docking and design software Rosetta.

This study offers molecular insight into the sialidase and fucosidase decapping apparatus that initiates growth on mucin and promotes nutrient sharing by the dedicated mucolytic symbiont Akkermansia muciniphila with the mucus-associated microbiota.

Multiple myeloma is a cancer of the plasma cells, and the complete aetiology of the disease is still unclear. Here the authors perform an additional GWAS analysis followed by a meta-analysis with existing GWAS and replication genotyping and identify 6 novel risk loci and utilise gene expression, epigenetic profiling and in situ Hi-C data to further our understanding of MM susceptibility.

Photoinduced electron transfer in solvated molecular assemblies occurs on the ultrafast timescale before full electronic and geometric relaxation take place. Here Canton et al.monitor this out-of-equilibrium process in a donor–acceptor bimetallic assembly using an X-ray free-electron laser.

Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are industrially important enzymes that oxidatively deconstruct polysaccharides. Here, Lo Leggio et al. report the activity, spectroscopy and three-dimensional structure of a LPMO of the new CAZy AA13 family active on recalcitrant-retrograded starch.

Following the line of the former Iron Curtain, the European Green Belt links protected areas across 24 countries, and restores key wildlife populations, wetlands and rural livelihoods. Its success proves that rewilding-grounded nature-based solutions can transform war-scarred frontiers into biodiversity-rich, climate-resilient lifelines, and challenges policymakers to replicate such mega-corridors worldwide.

Ultra-hot Jupiters provide a unique window into atmospheric processes and this in-depth study enables integrated global snapshots of the atmosphere and more accurate identification of flow patterns, thus allowing for better comparison to models.

This mass spectrometry-based proteomic study profiles the plasma proteome in 2,147 children and adolescents and reveals its association with age, sex, puberty, body mass index and genetics.

Residual emissions, as a noticeable component of net-zero plans, should be analysed transparently and with specificity. By examining the national long-term strategies, the authors find that currently residual emissions are not clearly defined and are unlikely to be balanced by land-based carbon removal.

Analyses of primary and relapse samples of embryonal tumours with multilayered rosettes provide insights into the molecular mechanisms that underlie the development and opportunities for the treatment of this deadly disease.

Single, self-amplifying RNA molecules condensed by an oppositely charged polyelectrolyte self-assemble into compact globular nanoparticles that can be used as vaccines to generate potent immunological responses at low doses.

Achieving net zero means balancing remaining emissions with carbon removal, and understanding the nature and scope of residual emissions is key to planning decarbonized energy and industrial systems. However, our analysis of long-term climate strategies shows that many governments lack clear projections for residual emissions at net zero.

Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are a class of copper-dependent enzymes that oxidatively degrade polysaccharides and find use in industrial processing of lignocellulose. Crystallographic and spectroscopic studies define how LPMOs recognize their oligosaccharide substrates and mediate oxidative cleavage.

Photoinduced non-adiabatic intramolecular processes have important applications but their mechanisms are challenging to explore. Here the authors detect and assign vibrational wavepacket dynamics in a Fe carbene complex by ultrafast X-ray emission spectroscopy and X-ray scattering, resolving nuclear and electronic motion.