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The analysis of the energy spectrum of 36 million tritium β-decay electrons recorded in 259 measurement days within the last 40 eV below the endpoint challenges the Neutrino-4 claim.

Adrenocortical carcinomas (ACC) are aggressive and often resistant to therapy. Here, the authors provide a single-nucleus transcriptomic atlas of ACCs and normal adrenal glands, finding ecotypes in steroid and microenvironment cells that are associated with clinical outcomes.

A radio-loud magnetar, XTE J1810–197, has been observed to precess shortly after an X-ray outburst. The precession decayed over the subsequent few months, which probably rules out freely precessing magnetars as the source of the fast radio bursts.

Sarcopenia is the loss of muscle mass and strength associated with physical disability during ageing. Here, the authors analyse muscle biopsies from 119 patients with sarcopenia and age-matched controls of different ethnic groups and find transcriptional signatures indicating mitochondrial dysfunction, associated with reduced mitochondria numbers and lower NAD⁺ levels in older individuals with sarcopenia.

A multiplane confocal microscope provides high-contrast volumetric imaging at kilohertz rates. This system enables imaging of densely expressed genetically encoded voltage indicators with cellular resolution in the mouse brain in vivo and in vitro.

The early immune response following exposure to HCV is not fully explored. Here the authors use single cell analysis and immune profiling to relate the infection sequence and immune response to early HCV infection showing that exhausted phenotypes of T cells arise early post infection.

How adipose mitochondria activity is fine-tuned in response to obesity is an active area of study. Here, the authors show that mitochondrial protein MCJ can block thermogenesis and that silencing this gene can correct obesity-related comorbidities.

Authors report an oblique photothermal microscope system for ultrasensitive infrared spectroscopic imaging of live subjects at sub-micron resolutions. The method enables low-dose skin imaging without photodamage, and is a highly sensitive platform for in vivo and in situ molecular analysis.

In targeted-illumination confocal microscopy, the combination of targeted illumination with confocal detection allows one-photon voltage imaging across large fields of view with a high signal-to-noise ratio.

K_v3 potassium channels have an important role in the repolarization of action potentials in fast-spiking neurons. Here, the authors use electrophysiology and modelling to report on an interesting mechanism that might explain their gating behaviour.

Cetaceans such as dolphins and whales contribute to the cycling of essential nutrients in the surface ocean through defecation. Using a bioenergetic modelling approach, this study shows that the contribution of different cetaceans is heterogeneous both in terms of quantity and in quality, as the nutrient cocktails they release reflect the physiology and ecology of each species.

The Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 has a C-terminal cytoplasmic tail. Here the authors show that this tail binds trafficking machinery via sequences that appear optimised to ensure that Spike accumulates at the site of viral budding in the Golgi but that some can also traffic to the cell surface to induce syncytia formation.

The σ-type cyclopropenium cations (CPCs) are unstable species and currently underdeveloped. Now, an iodine(III)-based cyclopropenyl transfer reagent has been developed, which can generate electrophilic cyclopropenyl-gold(III) species as equivalents of σ-type CPCs. The synthetic potential has been demonstrated by the transfer of σ-type CPCs to terminal alkynes and vinylboronic acids.

Analysis of samples from the asteroid Ryugu provide evidence of late fluid flow in a carbonaceous asteroid, indicating that such bodies may have retained two to three times more water than previously thought.

Stellar material falling back in supernova explosions plays a crucial role in the formation of magnetic fields for some magnetars. X-ray bursts of these ‘low-field’ magnetars are products of their complicated fields, produced in Tayler–Spruit dynamos.

Tracking and stabilizing sample drifts is crucial towards realizing nanometer resolution in superresolution microscopy; metal nanoparticles can provide drift information but diffraction remains a challenge. Here, Bonet al. combine intensity and phase information to reach three-dimensional subnanometre accuracies.

Tree mortality has been shown to be the dominant control on carbon storage in Amazon forests, but little is known of how and why Amazon forest trees die. Here the authors analyse a large Amazon-wide dataset, finding that fast-growing species face greater mortality risk, but that slower-growing individuals within a species are more likely to die, regardless of size.

The pathogen Orientia tsutsugamushi is an obligate intracellular bacterium that depends on host cell machinery for intracellular movement. Here, Manigrasso et al. provide insights into the molecular mechanisms by which the bacteria hijack the host’s microtubule networks to navigate within cells.

Govaere et al. integrate circulating protein data from more than 300 patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with transcriptomics and develop a non-invasive diagnostics tool to identify patients with at-risk NAFLD based on body mass index, type 2 diabetes status and four circulating proteins.

Trees come in all shapes and size, but what drives this incredible variation in tree form remains poorly understood. Using a global dataset, the authors show that a combination of climate, competition, disturbance and evolutionary history shape the crown architecture of the world’s trees and thereby constrain the 3D structure of woody ecosystems.

STAARpipeline is a comprehensive framework for flexible and scalable rare-variant association analysis using whole-genome sequencing data and annotation information.

The flexibility of microwave photonics provides advantages over electronic circuitry, yet the lack of integrated chip-scale devices limits its practical application. This study presents microwave filters based on photonic crystal waveguides with controllable delays as a step towards intregable circuits.

Most conventional tuberculosis diagnostic tests rely on difficult to obtain sputum samples. In this proof-of-concept study, authors analyse whether pulmonary tuberculosis can be detected using exhaled breath condensate samples.

Integrated multi-omic analyses using samples from the TRACERx study highlight cross-talk between DNA hypermethylation and genomic lesions in non-small cell lung cancer.

Soil biodiversity is poorly studied compared to aboveground biodiversity, but is an important driver of ecosystem functioning. This Review discusses advances in research into the relationships between soil biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, highlighting that integrative and causal study approaches will be needed to fill the gaps in our understanding.

Myofibroblasts contribute to the development of liver fibrosis. Here, the authors report that the transcription factor Basonuclin 2 (BNC2) integrates fibrogenic signals and drives myofibroblastic transcriptional activation in liver fibrosis.

Scattering resonances are quantum effects occurring in low-temperature molecular collisions. Here the authors observe resonances for the six-atom ND₃-H₂/HD systems in velocity map imaging experiments explained by high-level theoretical predictions.

The authors introduce optical horn antennas, a nanophotonic platform combining plasmonic enhancement, efficient collection and background screening, for detection of UV autofluorescence from single proteins. They demonstrate label-free monitoring of protein unfolding and dissociation upon denaturation.

White lupin is an annual crop cultivated for protein rich seeds and can produce cluster roots for efficient phosphate acquisition. Here, the authors generate high quality genome assemblies of a cultivated accession, a landrace, and a wild relative and provides insight into soil exploration and seed quality.

Reverberation two-photon microscopy enables video-rate multiplane neuroimaging by performing near-instantaneous axial scanning over large depth ranges while maintaining 3D micrometer-scale resolution.

Reactive sulfane sulfur species such as persulfides and H₂S₂ are important redox regulators and linked to H₂S signaling, but their study is hindered by a lack of suitable donors to produce them. Here, the authors report 2H-thiopyran-2-thione sulfine (TTS), a compound which can specifically convert H₂S to HSOH, and then to H₂S₂ in the presence of excess H₂S.

PIEZO1 is critical in numerous physiological processes, but monitoring its activity and localization in cells can be challenging. Here, the authors present a chemogenetic platform to visualize endogenous human PIEZO1 localization and activity in native cellular conditions, expanding the knowledge on mechanotransduction across single cells and tissue organoids.

Results from a high-resolution ocean-bottom seismometer experiment at the ultraslow-spreading Gakkel Ridge show unexpected highly variable crustal thickness and a relatively large average value, which can be explained by an active mantle upwelling model.

With the generation of large pan-cancer whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing projects, a question remains about how comparable these datasets are. Here, using The Cancer Genome Atlas samples analysed as part of the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes project, the authors explore the concordance of mutations called by whole exome sequencing and whole genome sequencing techniques.

Viral pathogen load in cancer genomes is estimated through analysis of sequencing data from 2,656 tumors across 35 cancer types using multiple pathogen-detection pipelines, identifying viruses in 382 genomic and 68 transcriptome datasets.

Although many genetic variants are known for obesity, their function remains largely unknown. Here, in a weight-loss intervention cohort, the authors identify protein quantitative trait loci associated with BMI at baseline and after weight loss and find FAM46A to be a regulator of leptin in adipocytes.

A microscopy system that enables simultaneous recording from hundreds of neurons in the mouse visual cortex reveals that the brain enhances its coding capacity by representing visual inputs in dimensions perpendicular to correlated noise.

The high persistence of deep soil carbon is controlled by bioenergetic constraints of decomposers resulting from the poor energy quality of soil carbon together with the lack of energy supply by roots due to their low density at depth

Single-mode, tuneable monolithic semiconductor lasers are important light sources for integrated photonics. Here, Kundu et al. observe the switch-on dynamics and mode competition of a terahertz quantum cascade laser and explain the behaviour with a carrier and photon transport model.

The ability to control the arrangement of plasmonic nanoparticles offers a promising approach to modulating optical properties. Here, the authors report on magnetically controllable assemblies of plasmonic nanoparticles in dispersion that exhibit dynamic birefringence and chirality.

IL-36 receptor is crucial for host defense and tissue repair. Here, the authors describe identification and characterization of low molecular weight inhibitors of the IL-36 receptor using encoded library technologies. This represents a rare example of small molecules inhibiting a member of IL-1 receptor family.

Gene drives are genetic modifications designed to propagate efficiently through a population. Here, the authors develop a viral gene drive against herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and show that it propagates efficiently during HSV-1 infection in mice.