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This study shows that increasing space per person from 2 to 32 m³ can dramatically reduce airborne infection risk from illnesses like COVID-19, even under poor ventilation. Updated ventilation and spaciousness standards are needed.

Vertical carbon fiber scaffolds with boron nitride insulating networks form a trunk-branch heterostructure, enbling bidirectional thermal conductivity, electrical insulation, and absorption-dominated electromagnetic interference shielding.

Regulatory T (Treg) cells influence adipose tissue homeostasis and hence metabolic health but the mechanisms are less well known. Here the authors establish, via gain and loss of function mouse models, that GPSM1expression in Treg cells regulate their expansion in adipose tissue, and upon genomic deletion of GSPM1, a specific subset of Treg cells expand and mitigate adipose tissue inflammation caused by high fat diet.

Metal clusters can make efficient catalysts but often grow unstable at high heat. Here, the authors show how nickel particles can disperse into stable clusters, improving hydrogen production and durability.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified over 200 genetic risk loci for breast cancer, but the target genes in these loci remain largely unknown. Here, the authors conduct multi-ancestry transcriptome-wide association studies to discover potential breast cancer susceptibility genes, which are further explored with single-cell sequencing and in vitro experiments.

Here the authors identify a carbazole-scaffold inhibitor targeting the CDN-binding pocket of STING via rational design, establishing a paradigm for structure-based rational drug development of STING inhibitors. The inhibitor, DDO-88109, alleviates inflammation in male mouse models of Trex1 deletion driven autoinflammation and cisplatin induced acute kidney injury.

Glycolysis has long been considered a process restricted exclusively to the cytoplasm. Here, the authors show that a functional glycolytic pathway operates inside mitochondria to maintain organelle health, identifying the VWA8-PHB2-GRP75 complex as a critical regulator that offers a promising therapeutic target for mitochondrial diseases like retinitis pigmentosa.

Scanning tunneling spectroscopic imaging reveals a field-driven symmetry breaking of CDW modulations in superconducting NbSe₂. Model calculations suggest that the observed anisotropy originates from a Doppler-shift-induced reconstruction of the dispersion of Bogoliubov quasiparticle excitations.

Achalasia is a rare condition characterised by inability to swallow. Here, the authors use whole-genome sequencing to identify a FAM129C variant associated with the disease and characterise B cell responses towards the GABA-A receptor in a mouse model expressing that variant.

Deciding between partial nephrectomy (PN) or radical nephrectomy (RN) in patients with complex renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains a significant clinical challenge. Here, the authors develop an AI model for functional risk stratification in complex RCC using preoperative computed tomography images and clinical data, aiming to assist treatment choice for complex RCC patients, for whom PN is challenging but remains feasible.

AmiAge predicts biological age from plasma amino acids, linking age gaps to frailty, disease risk, and aging markers. An 8-amino acid model offers a scalable tool for personalized health and aging research.

Metabolic profiling of extracellular vesicles for diagnostic applications remains challenging. Here authors develop ACTIVITY, a cascade-catalysis strategy to detect metabolically active extracellular vesicles, enabling macrophage phenotyping and differentiation of pneumonia patients from healthy controls.

ALECT2 amyloidosis is defined by aggregation of LECT2. Here, the authors use cryo-EM to determine ALECT2 fibril structures from biopsies of 5 cases, showing common folds with all residues in the filament core, explaining poor epitope accessibility and enabling structure-based diagnosis.

This study shows that reduced Mll5 impairs microglial phagocytosis via TREM2- SGK3-GSK3β signaling, causing ASD-like behaviors in mice, while lithium chloride was shown to rescue deficits.

A randomised trial in metformin-treated type 2 diabetes found once-weekly efsubaglutide improved HbA1c and fasting glucose, reduced weight, and enhanced meal-stimulated insulin secretion with mainly mild GI side effects.

The authors developed biodegradable meta-membranes that regulate the skin microenvironment, self-decontaminate, and maintain high air purification efficiency even under humidity were developed, offering a sustainable solution for personal protective equipment.

This study found that severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome increased in Anhui, China in 2019–2023 and was highest in central and southern areas. Farmers and older adults were most affected, peaking in spring to early autumn.

Whilst it is known that host ribosomal protein SA (RPSA) regulates the anti-infection immunity in immune cells, its role in neutrophil migration is yet to be explored. In this work, authors provide mechanistic insight into the impact of RPSA on promoting neutrophil migration via the regulation of olfactomedin 4 (OLFM4), in the context of sepsis.

Self-assembled monolayers struggle to uniformly coat textured surfaces, limiting high-efficiency perovskite and silicon tandem solar cells. Du et al. increase surface hydroxyl groups by incorporating carbon into polysilicon, enabling stable monolayer attachment and record device efficiency.

Zhang et al. report a multifunctional molecule to control the growth of quasi-2D perovskite nanocrystals, reducing defects and ion migration. This enables pure-red LEDs with an efficiency of 30.2%, operational stability of 8426 min, and 12.25 cm² devices maintaining above 20% efficiencies.

Global analysis of obesity trends from 1980 to 2024 in 200 countries and territories using data from 4,050 population-based studies reveals that framing obesity as a single global epidemic masks the highly varied dynamics across countries and age groups.

Low-dose IL-2 therapy has been evaluated for the treatment of numerous autoimmune conditions. This study reports the outcomes of a phase 2, randomised, placebo-controlled trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of low-dose IL-2 for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Here the authors reveal a large-scale multi-ancestry genome-wide association study (GWAS) that identifies 11 new risk loci for kidney cancer, including one specific to Chinese populations.

The MAYA trial utilized temozolomide in microsatellite stable (MSS) colorectal cancers (CRC) sensitizing them to immune checkpoint inhibition. Here, the integration of spatial, transcriptomic, and immune profiling of longitudinal tumor and blood samples identify molecular determinants of therapeutic response in MSS-CRC.

Twisted 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have attracted significant attention due to their emerging physical properties, but their bottom-up synthesis remains challenging. Here, the authors report a heating rate-controlled chemical vapour deposition method to grow various TMD heterostructures with improved control over the twist angle.

The authors demonstrate efficient trion modulation in MoS₂ enabled by plasmonic HfN gates. A photoluminescence modulation depth of ~24% was achieved over large tunable surface areas.

Cell-type-specific 3D genome maps are hard to generate experimentally. Here, the authors develop Hi-Compass, a deep-learning framework that predicts chromatin interactions from accessibility data across variable sequencing depths, recovering chromatin loops and linking disease variants to target genes.

Metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells can contribute to responsiveness to immunotherapy. In this study, glucose deprivation in hepatocellular carcinoma cells was found to promote OXCT1 S113 phosphorylation, which leads to its translocation to the nucleus, association with IRF1 and suppression of MHC-I and chemokine gene transcription.

A programmable photonic quantum processor, Jiuzhang 4.0, incorporates 1,024 high-efficiency squeezed states into a hybrid spatial–temporal encoded 8,176-mode circuit.

This study delineates lifespan changes in the sensorimotor-association gradient using multimodal neuroimaging data from 33,247 participants, revealing a pattern aligned with evolutionary, structural, and cognitive hierarchies within a unified neurodevelopmental framework.

Engineered Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Btbots, use a genetic AND circuit to sense nitric oxide and deoxycholic acid as inflammatory signal in the gut to release therapeutic molecules, TFF3 and IL-35, that alleviate colitis in mice.

B7-H3 promotes skin photodamage by disrupting mitochondrial oxidative stress via the ITGA2- NRF2-TFAM axis, and its blockade attenuates photodamage, suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy.

To ensure high-potential stability, electrolytes for high-voltage lithium batteries often rely on fluorinated solvents that are costly and environmentally harmful. Now it has been shown that blocking the dominant α-oxidation of fluorine-free carboxylate solvents yields high-potential stability, enabling >650 Wh kg⁻¹ batteries with non-fluorinated electrolytes.

A fully phased genome assembly of the sugarcane foundational cultivar POJ2878 reveals extensive subgenome recombination and non-homologous chromosomal rearrangements.

The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative recruited and genotyped more than half a million Taiwanese participants, almost all of Han Chinese ancestry, and performed comprehensive genomic analyses and developed polygenic risk score prediction models for numerous health conditions.

An ALMA polarization survey towards 30 massive star-forming regions reveals that chaotic turbulence, rather than ordered magnetism, governs the formation of stellar cluster seeds, reshaping our understanding of how the most massive stars are born.

This study reveals that tissue redox rhythms are altered in ageing mice but can be restored through time-restricted application of antioxidants or pro-oxidants, leading to improved physiological functions and ameliorated ageing-related impairments.

Anne Hinks and colleagues identify 14 new susceptibility loci for juvenile idiopathic arthritis through targeted analyses of genomic regions implicated in immune function. Their study implicates several pathways, including IL-2 signaling, in the pathogenesis of this common childhood autoimmune disease.

A de novo genome assembly of drought-resistant wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotype JIN50 and genomic analyses across other wheat germplasms identify structural variations contributing to drought responses and adaptation.

The DAMPE satellite observed a universal charge-dependent spectral softening in primary cosmic rays, and ruled out mass-dependent softening with >99.999% confidence.

A new series of narrow-bandgap acceptors exploiting the heavy-atom effect enables organic solar cells with a power conversion efficiency of 20.7% and 1-cm² perovskite–organic tandem devices with a certified power conversion efficiency of 27.5%.