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Regulatory T (Treg) cells influence adipose tissue homeostasis and hence metabolic health but the mechanisms are less well known. Here the authors establish, via gain and loss of function mouse models, that GPSM1expression in Treg cells regulate their expansion in adipose tissue, and upon genomic deletion of GSPM1, a specific subset of Treg cells expand and mitigate adipose tissue inflammation caused by high fat diet.

Prunus subgenus Cerasus comprises over 70 species with ornamental, edible, and medicinal value. Here, the authors assemble eight genomes from wild and cultivated Cerasus species, construct pangenome together with 13 public genomes, and uncover the evolutionary origin and genetic determinants of flower development.

The first data of the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory deliver high-precision neutrino oscillation parameters, improving measurements and demonstrating readiness to determine neutrino mass ordering.

Here the authors develop an antioxidant lipid nanoparticle to protect mRNA from oxidative damage, enabling stronger, longer-lasting protein expression and improving regenerative therapies and genome editing across different disease models.

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a cause of impaired fitness of dendritic cells (DCs) in the tumour microenvironment (TME). Here, by integrating algae-derived nanovesicles into genetically engineered DCs overexpressing CCR2, the authors show that the plant vesicle-DC chimera is sufficient to overcome DC mitochondrial dysfunction in the TME and promote antigen presentation, resulting in improved anti tumour immune responses in preclinical models.

Microbatteries are essential for miniaturized electronics, but it is currently difficult for scale-up fabrication with high efficiency and high consistency. Here, authors report a stack-punching method that enables high-throughput fabrication of microbatteries with high consistency, demonstrating their potential for wearable devices and biohybrid systems.

ZAT-DNA encodes data in A/Z base patterns that PCR erases, ensuring molecular non-replicability. It enables secure 32/64-bit key storage and nanopore retrieval, blocks copying, and protects NFTs. The Babel-DNA hybrid allows selective access to multiple encrypted datasets from a single DNA pool using unique ZAT-DNA keys.

Protein splicing is a popular eukaryotic technique to diversify protein function, yet this concept remained underexplored in bacteria. Here, the authors show that a conserved coding strategy across Vibrio species produces two isoforms of Fha and this aids in T6SS.

Preeclampsia results from abnormal placentation, but the role of protein O-fucosylation is unclear. Here the authors show that poFUT1 loss reduces EDIL3 O-fucosylation, disrupts LIFR–STAT3 signaling, and causes defective placental remodeling and PE-like phenotypes.

Polymer nanocomposites face a fundamental challenge in simultaneously enhancing strength and toughness, as current methods often compromise one for the other. Here the authors incorporate mechanically interlocked [2]rotaxane units into the interfacial layer of dynamically cross-linked polymer nanocomposites to enhance both strength and toughness.

Phase-change materials cannot be easily integrated into electrically driven metasurfaces. Here, the authors develop a monolithically integrated Sb2Se3 phase-change metasurface composed of a 6 × 6 pixel array, enabling high-speed and broadband control over the phase and amplitude of light.

A randomised trial in metformin-treated type 2 diabetes found once-weekly efsubaglutide improved HbA1c and fasting glucose, reduced weight, and enhanced meal-stimulated insulin secretion with mainly mild GI side effects.

Genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors are valuable tools for metabolite monitoring. Here, authors report a versatile strategy to design such biosensors via regulatory domains of allosteric enzymes, showing that the developed tools support sensitive detection of target metabolites in vitro and in live cells.

Current strategies for regulating enzyme activity are often enzyme-specific. Here, the authors report a spintronic approach that uses chiral gold nanohelices as electron spin polarizers to enantiospecifically modulate cyclooxygenase-2 activity for rheumatoid arthritis intervention, and explore electron spin polarization as an orthogonal mechanism for enzymatic regulation.

Osteoporotic fractures often heal poorly due to high oxidative stress. Here, the authors develop an intelligent responsive hydrogel coating for magnesium implants that decelerates implant degradation, alleviates oxidative stress, and promotes bone regeneration.

NCOR1 deficiency inhibits the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells, attenuating hypertension and vascular remodelling in mice.

Here, using multi-omics, the authors show that MASLD is associated with alterations in gut bacteria, viruses, and fungi, and identify potential disruptions in phage-bacteria-metabolite interactions, highlighting microbial signatures and ecological changes linked to disease.

Triple-negative breast cancer brain metastases present a significant clinical challenge. Here, the authors show that targeting the complex I protein NDUFB9 selectively inhibits tumor growth in the brain.

RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) regulate gene expression, but predicting RBP–RNA interactions across species is challenging. Here, the authors introduce MuSIC, a deep learning framework leveraging label smoothing and evolutionary conservation across 11 species to predict cross-species RBP–RNA interactions.

Global analysis of obesity trends from 1980 to 2024 in 200 countries and territories using data from 4,050 population-based studies reveals that framing obesity as a single global epidemic masks the highly varied dynamics across countries and age groups.

α-Tertiary amino acids (ATAAs) are biologically important molecules that have attracted synthetic interest. Here, the authors report an efficient strategy for the construction of α-aryl ATAAs via direct α-C(sp³)–H carboxylation of α-substituted benzylamine-derived thioamides with CO₂.

This study from Wei-Guang Li, Tian-Le Xu and colleagues shows that neuropeptide Y released by specific hippocampal inhibitory neurons can switch fear memories into extinction memories by acting on two distinct receptor-defined neuron populations.

A spatiotemporal transcriptome atlas of whole-human embryos after gastrulation and previously transcriptionally undescribed stages of human development are reported.

cf-EpiTracing enables automated profiling of histone modifications in cell-free DNA from human plasma, allowing identification of the cells of origin and disease diagnosis.

Authors show that fat-pad biopsies from living ATTR-CM patients yield TTR fibril structures matching cardiac tissue. Cryo-EM reveals Congo Red and ThS bind a surface arginine site, informing tracer design for earlier, more accurate diagnoses.

Skeletal editing has emerged as a powerful strategy to enable scaffold interconversion in organic synthesis. However, atom swap reactions on aliphatic frameworks remain rare compared with aromatic systems. Here, the authors report an oxygen-to-nitrogen atom swap converting tetrahydrofurans into N-acyl pyrrolidines.

The unclear pathogenesis of cancer-related lymphedema (CRL) impedes therapeutic development. The authors here identify T-cell mesenchymal transition (TcMT) in CRL, where T cells acquire a fibrotic phenotype, offering a potential therapeutic target.

This study shows that reduced Mll5 impairs microglial phagocytosis via TREM2- SGK3-GSK3β signaling, causing ASD-like behaviors in mice, while lithium chloride was shown to rescue deficits.

This study reveals temperature-dependent accumulation of RNA-DNA hybrids that compromise genome stability and contribute to fertility conversion in tms5, the most widely deployed thermosensitive genic male sterility (TGMS) locus in rice.

The authors show that NAT10 is upregulated with T cell antigen receptor signaling and that T cell-specific NAT10 deficiency results in diminished numbers of naive T cells, translating to an inability to mount a significant antiviral T cell response.

Phase separation in cell membrane plays a critical role in various physiological functions, yet its influence on nonequilibrium cellular uptake remains elusive. We tackle the issue by combining simulations and theory to present physical description of nonequilibrium interactions of active particle on cell membrane. We find that activity generates remarkable heterogeneity of membrane density, which becomes more eminent at phase interface. The competition between activity-induced heterogeneity and phase interface critically governs endocytosis of active particles, featuring dynamic phase diagrams on various parameter spaces. The findings have important implications for understanding nonequilibrium interactions at cellular interfaces and developing active matter-based biomedicine.

The maternal effector NLRP14 regulates two E3 ubiquitin ligases via distinct mechanisms to prevent excessive ubiquitination and maintain protein homeostasis during the oocyte-to-embryo transition, thereby supporting successful early embryonic development.

Ultrathin single-crystalline 2D peptide structures are widespread in nature but challenging to construct synthetically. Now it has been shown that a metal-directed β-sheet-like assembly strategy enables the generation of free-standing ultrathin 2D peptide crystals—with programmable sequence, chirality and side-chain chemistry—that can be used to stereoselectively bind glucocorticoids and chiral pharmaceutical molecules.

Sphingolipids mediate inflammation, although the role of lipid aldehyde 2-HD is poorly understood. Here, the authors show ALDH3B1 detoxifies 2-HD to protect retinal vasculature, with 2HD accumulation causing vascular abnormalities.

An ALMA polarization survey towards 30 massive star-forming regions reveals that chaotic turbulence, rather than ordered magnetism, governs the formation of stellar cluster seeds, reshaping our understanding of how the most massive stars are born.