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The deactivation of CO₂ reduction electrocatalyst in microbial media remains a key barrier for hybrid bio-electrochemical systems. Here, the authors present a bioadaptive nickel single atom catalyst that resists organic poisoning to enable high-rate CO-mediated isopropanol production from CO₂.

Understanding collective behaviour is an important aspect of managing the pandemic response. Here the authors show in a large global study that participants that reported identifying more strongly with their nation reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies in the context of the pandemic.

Large-effect variants in autism remain elusive. Here, the authors use long-read sequencing to assemble phased genomes for 189 individuals, identifying pathogenic variants in TBL1XR1, MECP2, and SYNGAP1, plus nine candidate structural variants missed by short-read methods.

The authors identify key enzymes, including four cytochrome P450s, a dehydrogenase and a sulfotransferase, that together build the core chemical scaffold of withanolides, medicinal compounds from ashwagandha with neurological and anti-cancer activities.

PCNA–PAF15 has a key role in determining replisome dynamics during genome replication and protecting against genome instability.

The Akt-mTOR axis influences cell activation, differentiation and metabolism. Jordan and colleagues show that thymic and inducible T_H17 cells exhibit different requirements for mTORC1 and mTORC2 as well as Akt isoforms.

Intramolecular coupling of extended biphen[n]arenes is developed to yield cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs). The modular nature of biphen[n]arenes makes it possible to customize CPP structures, which permits tuning of their photophysical properties. The syntheses are short and excellent yields are achieved. Moreover, postsynthetic functionalization is possible.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

Electrocatalytic water splitting to produce H₂ is impeded by slow reaction kinetics over noble-metal-free catalysts at the electrodes. Here, the authors use high-frequency alternating magnetic fields to locally heat FeC–Ni core–shell catalysts, enhancing the kinetics of the oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions.

The activity of the membrane-bound enzyme pMMO depends on copper but the location of the copper centers is still under debate. Here, the authors reconstitute pMMO in nanodiscs and use native top-down MS to localize its copper centers, providing insights into which sites are essential for activity.

Exactly how hydrogen renders metals brittle is still unclear, and it remains a challenge to predict component failure due to hydrogen embrittlement. Here, the authors identify a class of grain boundaries in a nickel superalloy that deflects propagating cracks and improves alloy resistance to hydrogen.

Activity-based protein profiling identifies covalent small molecules that potentiate the activity of the METTL5:TRMT112 complex through binding to a complexoform-restricted allosteric pocket absent in other TRMT112:methyltransferase complexes

Introduction of structured neutron waves carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) in small-angle neutron scattering experiments provides novel approaches to the characterisation of material properties. Here the authors demonstrate the retrieval of phase information in far-field intensity profiles by means of an interferometric technique using helical neutron waves.

Electrons in f orbitals can create localized states that interact strongly and drive strange metal and critical behaviour via the Kondo mechanism. Now a mechanism of geometric frustration enables similar phenomena with d electrons.

Light represses biofilm formation and production of virulence factors in the pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Here, Manias et al. identify a periplasmic microprotein that regulates this process by activating the degradation of a component of the light-sensing pathway.

A national prospective study of patients requiring hospitalization for COVID-19 demonstrates global cognitive deficits at 1 year, associated with elevated brain injury markers and reduced gray matter volume.

The authors show that only a small subset of cytosolic double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) requires ADAR1-mediated RNA editing to evade an MDA5-dependent immune response. These immunogenic dsRNAs are enriched in mRNAs and overlap with GWAS signals for common inflammatory diseases.

Inversion of C3 stereochemistry of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs) has to occur at some point during their biosynthesis; however, the mechanism has remained unresolved. Here, the authors report an oxidase–reductase enzyme pair encoded within a gene cluster and demonstrate their collaborative role in inverting MIA C3 stereochemistry.

The construction of a self-assembled nanocage composed of four metal ions and six antiaromatic walls is demonstrated, and the effect of antiaromaticity on the host–guest properties is investigated.

Demand for crops is increasing, but it is not clear whether the yields can meet this demand. Using crop yield observations, this study analyses global trends and finds that while yields continue to increase in some areas, across 24–39% of crop-growing regions, yields have stagnated or declined over the past 50 years.

In this study, the authors assess the global response to the toxic aldehyde glyoxal (GO) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, suggesting that GO controls quorum sensing during infection through a mechanism involving a novel protein, ArqI.

The authors present SVclone, a computational method for inferring the cancer cell fraction of structural variants from whole-genome sequencing data.

The flagship paper of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes Consortium describes the generation of the integrative analyses of 2,658 cancer whole genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types, the structures for international data sharing and standardized analyses, and the main scientific findings from across the consortium studies.

Recurrent features in human antibodies targeting the influenza neuraminidase active site reveal a convergent strategy of receptor mimicry, providing structural insights that could guide the design of broad and effective influenza vaccines.

Bovine H5N1 viruses are lethal in laboratory animals, but they retain avian traits including limited transmission. Their responsiveness to approved antivirals and candidate vaccines lowers human risk, but ongoing surveillance is critically needed.

Strong correlations between electrons in topological surface states drive the formation of surface van Hove singularities. These may be linked to charge density waves in the surface states.

This work identified cyclic peptide inhibitors of a mammalian N-terminal cysteine oxidase, ADO, through mRNA display, one of which was used as a scaffold to graft substrate moieties, allowing key interactions to be assessed through structural and biochemical approaches.

Understanding deregulation of biological pathways in cancer can provide insight into disease etiology and potential therapies. Here, as part of the PanCancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) consortium, the authors present pathway and network analysis of 2583 whole cancer genomes from 27 tumour types.

With the generation of large pan-cancer whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing projects, a question remains about how comparable these datasets are. Here, using The Cancer Genome Atlas samples analysed as part of the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes project, the authors explore the concordance of mutations called by whole exome sequencing and whole genome sequencing techniques.

Integrative analyses of transcriptome and whole-genome sequencing data for 1,188 tumours across 27 types of cancer are used to provide a comprehensive catalogue of RNA-level alterations in cancer.

Multi-omics datasets pose major challenges to data interpretation and hypothesis generation owing to their high-dimensional molecular profiles. Here, the authors develop ActivePathways method, which uses data fusion techniques for integrative pathway analysis of multi-omics data and candidate gene discovery.

The characterization of 4,645 whole-genome and 19,184 exome sequences, covering most types of cancer, identifies 81 single-base substitution, doublet-base substitution and small-insertion-and-deletion mutational signatures, providing a systematic overview of the mutational processes that contribute to cancer development.

A preinfusion circulatory inflammation biomarker-based signature predicts the likelihood of treatment failure in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma who were treated with CAR-T cell therapy, with an inflammatory cluster assignment being prognostic of clinical response and survival outcomes.

In this study, the authors present an fMRI‑based signature of corticospinal connections, which predicts individual pain sensitivity, generalizes to patient cohorts, and tracks changes after brain stimulation, suggesting a biomarker to guide personalized pain care.

Nickelates have been shown to host unconventional superconductivity, and recently it has been found that the choice of substrate can significantly change the superconducting critical temperature. This suggests, that like some Cuprates, strain could be important. Here Gao, Fan, Wang, and coauthors find that magnetic excitations in a parent Nickelate are insensitive to substrate choice, and therefore strain, which differs markedly from the case of Cuprates.

The sensitivities of a set of bacterial metal-sensing transcriptional regulators explain how a protein, such as the cobalt chelatase CbiK, is metalated with its cognate metal in cells rather than mis-metalated with more tightly binding metals.

Atom probe tomography can image chemical composition at the nanoscale, but our understanding of how it images voids, or empty spaces, is still lacking. Here, the authors combine atom probe tomography, scanning transmission electron microscopy, and field-evaporation theory to show how voids are imaged and subsequently measured.

Here, the authors present and characterise a collection of human gut bacteria including novel taxa associated with health conditions and a large diversity of plasmids. All isolates, their genomes and metadata are publicly available, facilitating research by others (www.hibc.rwth-aachen.de).

HIV vaccine candidates often have limited capacity to induce broadly neutralizing antibodies (nAbs). In this study, the authors show that stabilized Clade C HIV-1 Env protein trimers decorated on CoPoP liposomes induce nAbs against 18 of 20 multiclade tier 2 HIV-1 strains in immunized rabbits.

The Late Miocene terrestrial climate in eastern North Greenland displayed elevated temperatures at moderate atmospheric CO₂ levels and was highly variable, reflecting the shifting orbital and ocean circulation forcings in the Arctic as the world cooled, according to proxy records from speleothems.

Lipid bilayers containing porphyin-phospholipid that is chelated with cobalt have been shown to capture his-tagged proteins and peptides. This method offers a simple route for functionalizing pre-formed lipid bilayers without disrupting their integrity. Using this approach homing peptides were attached to cargo-loaded liposomes to enable tumour targeting, and an HIV-derived protein fragment elicited antibodies following binding to immunogenic liposomes.

Increased strength and ductility in a medium-entropy alloy of Fe, Ni, Al and Ti is demonstrated using nanoprecipitates that simultaneously hinder phase transformation and block dislocation motion.

The authors identify adult neurogenesis in individuals with epilepsy that declines with disease duration and epileptiform activity. Additionally, astrogenesis persists and immature astrocyte activity is inversely associated with neuronal hyperactivity.

Typical quantum error correcting codes assign fixed roles to the underlying physical qubits. Now the performance benefits of alternative, dynamic error correction schemes have been demonstrated on a superconducting quantum processor.

Analyses of 2,658 whole genomes across 38 types of cancer identify the contribution of non-coding point mutations and structural variants to driving cancer.

Analysis of cancer genome sequencing data has enabled the discovery of driver mutations. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium the authors present DriverPower, a software package that identifies coding and non-coding driver mutations within cancer whole genomes via consideration of mutational burden and functional impact evidence.

Genome-wide CRISPRi screens for modulators of androgen receptor (AR) protein levels using live-cell quantitative endogenous AR fluorescence reporters identify PTGES3 as a new regulator of AR stability and function in prostate cancer.